Reference no: EM13198248

1. The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is
A) whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.
B) whether crops are grown or animals are raised.
C) the location of the first agriculture.
D) the population density of the crop-producing region.
2. Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?
A) All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture.
B) It is a form of nomadism.
C) This form of agriculture is still practiced.
D) all of the above
3. Hunting and gathering societies
A) employ about 15 percent of the world's people.
B) are found in isolated places in the world.
C) are characterized by large concentrations of people.
D) occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.
4. An important agricultural hearth is
A) Southeast Asia.
B) South America.
C) Ethiopia.
D) all of the above
5. The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is
A) sawah.
B) seed agriculture.
C) subsistence agriculture.
D) vegetative planting.
6. Vegetative planting probably originated in
A) Southeast Asia.
B) South America.
C) Ethiopia.
D) all of the above
7. In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in all but which of the following?
A) western India
B) northern China
C) Ethiopia
D) Southwest Asia
8. The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in
A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
9. Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from
A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
10. Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of
A) characteristics of the physical environment.
B) limited knowledge of alternatives.
C) distinctive cultural traits.
D) all of the above
11. Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?
A) Mediterranean
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.
12. Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?
A) Mediterranean
B) plantation
C) truck farming
D) none of the above
13. Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation?
A) Land is cleared by slashing the vegetation.
B) Debris is burned to provide the soil with nutrients.
C) A new site is designated every few years.
D) All of the above are characteristics.
14. Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?
A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
15. Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world's land area?
A) dairying
B) intensive subsistence
C) plantation
D) shifting cultivation
16. Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?
A) hunting and gathering
B) intensive subsistence
C) pastoral nomadism
D) shifting cultivation
17. Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture criticized for all but which of the following reasons?
A) It destroys natural resources such as forests.
B) It causes soil erosion and depletion of nutrients.
C) It upsets the ecology through the use of fertilizers.
D) It consumes a lot of land to feed a small number of people.
18. Shifting cultivation causes environmental damage primarily when
A) population exceeds environmental capacity.
B) more fertilizers are introduced.
C) fields are permanently cleared.
D) cultural traditions are ignored.
19. The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice
A) hunting and gathering.
B) intensive subsistence.
C) pastoral nomadism.
D) shifting cultivation.
20. Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following?
A) smaller farms
B) higher agricultural density
C) greater use of animal power
D) all of the above
21. Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following?
A) equipment
B) funds
C) labor
D) land
22. Which of the following is not a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?
A) harvesting with a plow drawn by oxen
B) flooding the plowed land with rain water
C) flattening the land
D) transplanting seedlings grown in a nursery
23. The most important reason why most people in North China grow crops other than wet rice is
A) cultural preference.
B) tradition.
C) climate.
D) soil.
24. Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region?
A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
25. Pastoral nomads are distinguished from other forms of subsistence farmers by all but which of the following?
A) They consume animals rather than grain.
B) They obtain grain through trade.
C) They occupy dry lands.
D) All of the above distinguish pastoral nomadism.
26. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is
A) pastoral nomadism.
B) shifting cultivation.
C) transhumance.
D) all of the above
27. To increase crop yields, farmers in southeastern China commonly practice
A) double cropping.
B) transhumance.
C) threshing.
D) pastoral nomadism.
28. To separate husks from seeds, Asian farmers beat the heads on the ground, a practice known as
A) chaff.
B) threshing.
C) winnowing.
D) double cropping.
29. During the twentieth century, all but which of the following have declined in more developed countries?
A) percentage of total population engaged in farming
B) absolute number of farmers
C) amount of land devoted to farming
D) All of the above have declined.
30. Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which of the following?
A) low percentage of farmers in the labor force
B) farm size
C) heavy use of machinery
D) output consumed on the farm
31. The relatively large size of the average North American farm results in all but which of the following?
A) Most farms are owned by large corporations.
B) Mechanization is necessary.
C) Farming is expensive.
D) All of the above are true.
32. In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as
A) agribusiness.
B) commercial farming.
C) food processing.
D) mechanized farming.
33. The type of agriculture practiced on a commercial farm depends on all but which of the following?
A) cultural factors, such as consumer preferences
B) locational factors, such as access to raw materials
C) site factors, such as climate and soil
D) situation factors, such as access to markets
34. According to von Thünen's model, a commercial farmer is concerned with which of these costs?
A) price of land
B) cost of transporting output to market
C) value of yield per hectare
D) All of the above are considered.
35. Von Thünen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture?
A) dairying in the Northeast United States
B) ranching in the dry lands of North Africa
C) shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America
D) intensive subsistence in South China
36. According to the von Thünen model, market-oriented gardens and milk producers were located in the first ring for all but which of the following reasons?
A) delivery cost
B) perishability
C) proximity to market
D) quality of soil
37. In general, the farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because
A) land costs are lower farther from the urban area.
B) milk is more perishable than butter.
C) transport costs are greater farther from the urban area.
D) the quality of soil is lower near an urban area.
38. China, the United States, Russia, and India are the leading producers of
A) commercial grain.
B) corn (maize).
C) livestock ranching.
D) milk products.
39. Other than corn, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is
A) wheat.
B) soybeans.
C) grain.
D) fruits and vegetables.
40. Some regions produce more cheese than milk because
A) they are outside major milksheds.
B) of a cultural preference for cheese consumption.
C) they are specialized.
D) the output is not sold directly to consumers.
41. In the winter wheat area, the crop is planted in
A) autumn and harvested in summer.
B) winter and harvested in spring.
C) winter and harvested in autumn.
D) spring and harvested in summer.
42. Ranching has declined in the southwestern United States primarily because
A) crops yield more income per area.
B) the predominant breed of cattle has changed.
C) long-distance cattle drives are no longer practical.
D) the region lacks adequate water supplies.
43. Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture?
A) dairying
B) grain
C) pastoral nomadism
D) shifting cultivation
44. The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates share similar
A) climate.
B) cultural beliefs.
C) levels of development.
D) social customs.
45. Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?
A) butter
B) fruits
C) grapes
D) olives
46. A good bottle of wine is most likely to come from
A) Brazil.
B) Chile.
C) Peru.
D) Venezuela.
47. Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems?
A) access to fertilizers
B) inadequate income
C) lack of equipment
D) surplus production