Reference no: EM133261901

1. What type of measure does the SMR of occupational deaths in the automobile industry represent?

a. ratio

b. rate

c. count

d. proportion

2. The United Kingdom has had more than 1200 homicides in a recent year, after a record number of 2000 homicides in the prior year. The country reported only several hundred homicides every year from 1980-2010. Investigators want to convey the importance of homicide in the recent year. Which measure of disease frequency should they use?

a. a proportionate mortality ratio

b. an age-specific, cause-specific death rate

c. a YPLL rate

d. a cause-specific death rate

e. a case-fatality rate

3. A total of 13,728 healthy participants were recruited in a research study between 1949-53 and followed until December 31, 1973. During follow-up, 98 new cases of coronary heart disease occurred. Assume complete follow-up of the study cohort. Based on these data, it can be inferred that:

a. The cumulative incidence rate of CHD was 98 per 13,728 persons

b. The period prevalence rate of CHD was 98 per 13,728 persons

c. The response rate for CHD was 98 per 13,728 persons

d. The point prevalence of CHD in 1973 was 98 per 13,728 persons

e. The incidence density rate of CHD was 98 per 13,728 persons

4. A surge in HIV infections on the Navajo reservation has public health officials alarmed that the virus has returned to this impoverished region. A report last month found that new diagnoses of HIV were up 20 percent from the previous month (April 2011). The total number of new cases last year (n=47) represents the highest number recorded by the tribe. In the context of this information and this condition, which of the following statements is correct?

a. the incidence of HIV is increasing because the case definition of HIV changed in this time frame

b. the incidence of HIV is increasing because safe sex practices on the reservation have increased

c. the incidence of HIV is increasing because the population on the reservation has increased

d. the incidence of HIV is increasing because of the switch from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM in the United States

e. the incidence of HIV is increasing because the testing for HIV in reservation clinics increased in the spring

5. A newspaper article discussed the prostate cancer treatment of former Buffalo Bills head football coach Marv Levy and former Washington D.C. mayor Marion Barry. Both men were discovered to have prostate cancer through a screening test, called the PSA test. Annual prostate cancer diagnoses doubled from 1990-2000. Most experts attribute this to increased detection of existing cancer via the PSA test. The article suggested that early detection via the PSA test was leading to early and more successful treatment of prostate cancer. However, the article gave no specific data to evaluate the beneficial effect of the PSA test, although it was noted that prostate cancer mortality has not changed markably.

Based on this information, which of the following measures is best suited to study if the treatment of prostate cancer is successful?

a. mortality rate

b. response rate

c. prevalence rate

d. recurrence rate

e. hospitalization rate