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A neuron in a mouse's brain (neuron A) continuously generates action potentials (APs) at a constant rate of 50 action potential per second (50 Hertz (Hz)). Neuron A receives presynaptic input from three other neurons, B, C, and D. Neuron B's axon tip forms a synapse on neuron A's axon near A's cell body. When neuron B is active, its action potentials transmit EPSPs (excitatory post-synaptic potentials) to neuron A at a rate of 500Hz. When B is active, neuron A increases its AP-firing rate from 50Hz to 100Hz. Neuron C forms a synapse on A very close to neuron B's synapse and, when C is active (and B is inactive), A receives EPSPs at a rate of 50Hz but the rate at which A generates APs remains unchanged by neuron C, it stays at 50Hz. Neuron D's synapse on A is located on one of A's dendrites. When neuron D is active it causes neuron A to receive EPSPs at 500 Hz but the output of neuron A does not change, it stays at 50Hz. The EPSPs in each of the three situations are the same magnitude, 5 millivolts (5mV). Explain how neurons B, C, and D affect neuron A differently.
A patient has an 80 percent blockage of his left anterior descending coronary artery. Illustrate what occurs in terms of myocardial oxygen supply and demand if his sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.
The A species of long day plant will flower when the days are over fourteen hours long. The plant is given a daily cycle of nine hours of light followed by three periods.
Liposomes are promising molecules in gene transfer technology because of their similarity to cell membranes and their charge interactions with negatively charged DNA.
A clinical trial is organized to compare an experimental medication designed to lower blood pressure to a placebo. Before starting the trial, a pilot study is conducted involving ten participants.
Most hormones have a basal level of secretion that can increase or decrease based on some condition of change that is detected by endocrine receptor.
Examine the nature of water and how its unique chemical properties impact water regulations in plants. Elucidate the structure and function of the leaf to water regulation.
Is a viable count really reflective of the number of bacteria in environment you sampled? For example, if grow bacteria in different dilution factors on a agar plate.
Design an experiment to determine the optimal temperature for enzyme function, complete with controls. Where would you find the enzymes for this experiment?
Assume that decomposers were removed from the forest ecosystem; predict what would happen to the rate of nitrogen cycling. Explain the logic behind your prediction.
Using Rasmol produce an image of oxidoreductase structure code 2XXE that, clearly illustrates the location of the catalytic site of the enzyme. State and show in an image the active site residues.
What must a biologist do if she or he finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give different estimates of the relationships among certain taxa.
Suppose an uncorrected missense mutation occurs in a zygote at the one-cell stage. The cell divides twice to make a four-cell embryo.
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