Reference no: EM133352643
Questions
1. Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?
microscopic anatomy
muscle anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
2. A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________.
exercise physiologist
microscopic anatomist
regional physiologist
systemic anatomist
3. The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
cell
molecule
organ
tissue
4. A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
organ
organelle
organism
organ system
5. The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
cardiovascular system
endocrine system
muscular system
skeletal system
6. Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes
process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions
process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells
sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
7. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________.
is the result of catabolism
release energy in uncontrolled bursts
stores energy for use by body cells
All of the above
8. Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________.
differentiation
reproduction
responsiveness
both reproduction and responsiveness
9. Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
food
nitrogen
oxygen
water
10. Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival.
Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients.
Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
11. C.J. is stuck in their car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Their body responds to the cold by ________.
increasing the blood to the hands and feet
becoming lethargic to conserve heat
breaking down stored energy
significantly increasing blood oxygen level
12. After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________.
a control center
a set point
effectors
sensors
13. Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.
blood vessels in the skin to constrict
breathing to become slow and shallow
sweat glands to increase their output
All of the above
14. Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?
blood pressure regulation
childbirth
regulation of fluid balance
temperature regulation
15. What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?"
The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides.
The person is standing facing the observer, with upper limbs extended out at a ninety-degree angle from the torso and lower limbs in a wide stance with feet pointing laterally
The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides.
None of the above
16. To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________.
coronal plane
longitudinal plane
midsagittal plane
transverse plane
17. The lumbar region is ________.
inferior to the gluteal region
inferior to the umbilical region
superior to the cervical region
superior to the popliteal region
18. The heart is within the ________.
cranial cavity
mediastinum
posterior (dorsal) cavity
All of the above
19. In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what discovery did he win?
nuclear physics
radiopharmaceuticals
the link between radiation and cancer
X-rays
20. Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
CT
MRI
PET
ultrasonography
21. Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy?
CT scans
PET scans
ultrasounds
X-rays
22. What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans?
release of radiation and poor quality images
high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals
can only view metabolically active tissues and inadequate availability of equipment
release of radiation and the need for a patient to be confined to metal tube for up to 30 minutes 28.Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology.
23. For whom would an appreciation of the structural characteristics of the human heart come more easily: an alien who lands on Earth, abducts a human, and dissects his heart, or an anatomy and physiology student performing a dissection of the heart on her very first day of class? Why?
24. Name the six levels of organization of the human body.
25. The ovaries and the testes are a part of which body system? Can these organs be members of more than one organ system? Why or why not?
26. Explain why the smell of smoke when you are sitting at a campfire does not trigger alarm, but the smell of smoke in your residence hall does.
27. Identify three different ways that growth can occur in the human body.
28. When you open a bottle of sparkling water, the carbon dioxide gas in the bottle form bubbles. If the bottle is left open, the water will eventually "go flat." Explain these phenomena in terms of atmospheric pressure.
29. On his midsummer trek through the desert, Josh ran out of water. Why is this particularly dangerous?
30. Identify the four components of a negative feedback loop and explain what would happen if secretion of a body chemical controlled by a negative feedback system became too great.
31. What regulatory processes would your body use if you were trapped by a blizzard in an unheated, uninsulated cabin in the woods?
32. In which direction would an MRI scanner move to produce sequential images of the body in the frontal plane, and in which direction would an MRI scanner move to produce sequential images of the body in the sagittal plane?
33. If a bullet were to penetrate a lung, which three anterior thoracic body cavities would it enter, and which layer of the serous membrane would it encounter first?
34. Which medical imaging technique is most dangerous to use repeatedly, and why?
35. Explain why ultrasound imaging is the technique of choice for studying fetal growth and development.