Reference no: EM132474072

MPE0508 - Process Modeling and Simulation - National University of Science and Technology

Question 1:

Neural networks have been used as an alternative to the traditional mathematical models to simulate complex patterns. The simplicity of their implementation makes them appropriate for modeling various complicated processes. Neural computing is largely motivated by the possibility of creating an artificial computing network similar to the brain and nerve cells in human body. Recent advances in neuroscience and in computers have sparked a renewed interest in neural network models for problem-solving.

Briefly describe about the techniques, algorithm, architecture, methodology, application and significance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) practiced in emerging areas of scientific research. (Maximum 2500 words)

Question 2: The following set of differential equations describes the change in concentration of three species in a tank. The reactions A→B→C occur

within the tank. The constants k1, and k2 describe the reaction rate for A→B and B→C respectively.

The following ordinary differential equations (ode's) are obtained:

dC_a/dt = -k1.C_a, dC_b/dt = k1.C_a - k2.C_b dC_c/dt = k2.C_b

Where k1=1 hr^-1, k2= 2 hr^-1 and at time t=0, C_a = ......P...... mol and C_b = C_c = 0 mol.

Solve the system of equations (using MATLAB) and plot the change in concentration of each species with respect to time. Select time interval for the integration as 0 ≤ t ≤ 5.

Question 3: Develop a ANN Model for the following input-output data related to leachate treatment process. Use MATLAB neural network toolbox to generate ANN function and predict the value of COD when pH = Q, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio = 16 and Fe2+ = 110. Plot regression graph, error histogram and all relevant parameters explaining relevant steps followed to build the model.

Run         pH           H2O2/Fe2+Ratio    Fe2+           COD %

Degradation

1              3              8                              110                  43

2              5              8                              110                  30

3              3              16                            110                  30

4              5              16                            110                  16

5              3              8                              190                  N

6              5              8                              190                  42

7              3              16                            190                  32

8              5              16                            190                  29

9              2.3           12                            150                  45

10            5.7           12                            150                  22

11            4              5.1                           150                  53

12            4              18.9                         150                  34

13            4              12                            80                    U

14            4              12                            220                  34

15            4              12                            150                  35

16            4              12                            150                  36

17            4              12                            150                  37

18            4              12                            150                  34

Question 4: Table 1 shows measurements of reaction temperature versus time for a chemical reaction in a Plug Flow Reactor. Using MATLAB determine the 1st-order, 2nd-order, and 4th-order polynomials to represent this data.

Table 1 : Reaction Temperature versus Time

t (hr)           1           2                3               4               5               6               7          8

T (ºC)         S           56.4           55.1          60.6          61.5          59.5          54.1     R

Also develop the regression equation for the 4th order polynomial model.

Question 5: Figure 1 shows a series of three well-mixed tanks. From mass balance equations, we have

dV₁/dt = q_o + m - q₁              V₁.dx₁/dt = q_o(x₀ - x₁) - mx₁              V₂.dx₂/dt = q₁(x₁ - x₂)

V₃.dx₃/dt = q₂(x₂ - x₃)

where x_i (i = 1, 2, 3) is the concentration (mol/liter) of the solution contained in the tank i. Under normal steady-state operation, m is maintained at 0 and q_i (1, 2, 3) is kept constant.

At a certain time (t = 0), m is suddenly increased to 12 liter/min. Using MATLAB plot the concentrations in the three tanks from t = 0 to ...T...... The initial conditions are x₀ = 0.15 mol/liter and q₀ = 15 liter/min, and the initial volume of each tank is 20 liter.

Figure

Attachment:- Process Engineering.rar