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Message authentication code

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Reference no: EM133294884

Question 1. Explain, using an example, how the adversary can modify the seventh bit of a ciphertext generated using a block cipher (e.g., AES) in CBC mode in such a way that the change in the corresponding message is small and easily predictable by the adversary. (The adversary has no access to the decryption key.)

Question 2. How can a message authentication code (MAC) be used to determine the au- thenticity of a message? (Show (1) which steps the sender and receiver follow, (2) what is transmitted, and (3) why these steps guarantee message authen- ticity.)

Question 3. Explain how a ciphertext generated using the substitution cipher can be decrypted without knowing the decryption key.

Question 4. Before HMAC was proposed, it was quite common to use MACk(m) = H(k||m) where H is a collision-resistant hash function. Show that this is not a secure MAC when H is constructed via the Merkle-Damga ¨rd transform.

Reference no: EM133294884

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