Reference no: EM133405955
Questions
1. Charles Spearman theorized that all intellectual tasks must entail two kinds of factors, a single common factor which he called __________ and a second kind that focused on __________.
comprehensive intelligence; specific abilities
abstract intelligence; practical intelligence
general intelligence; specific abilities
general intelligence; functional intelligence
2. Claude Shannon's famous master's thesis made the case for what?
that genuine computer "creativity" is impossible
that patterns of relay circuits in "off" or "on" positions could be used to represent information in binary code
that computers could potentially be made much smaller by using transistors
that certain kinds of mathematical equations can never be solved by machines
3. Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver (GPS) made use of all of the following EXCEPT for which?
prior observation of human problem solvers
heuristic strategies
means-ends analysis
parallel processing
4. A type of artificial intelligence computer program that operates by detecting patterns of activity that go on within its entire memory system is said to employ __________.
connectionist or parallel distributed processing
serialist or symbolic processing
sensory information processing
processing by means-ends analysis
5. Lewis M. Terman became well known for which of the following?
revising the Binet-Simon Intelligence scale and researching children who were mentally retarded
revising the Binet-Simon Intelligence scale and researching children who were mentally advanced
revising Stern's IQ formula and researching children who were mentally retarded
revising Stern's IQ formula and promoting the concept of "general intelligence"
6. What aroused Piaget's original interest the subject of children's intelligence?
his observation of the differences in intellectual "style" between his two equally intelligent daughters
his personal experience as a precocious child
his fascination with the question as to why children often gave incorrect answers to intelligence test items
his desire to understand his own, relatively mediocre academic record as a child
7. John Searle was a philosopher who did which of the following?
proposed the Chinese room thought experiment
argued that strong AI was a very real possibility
proposed the name for the Turing Test
developed a computer program to generate human-like language
8. What was the Logic Theorist (LT) program introduced by Newell and Simon in 1956 able to do?
compose melodies in the style of Mozart
construct proofs for central theorems in symbolic logic
perfectly simulate the operations of Babbage's analytical engine
defeat average-level chess players
9. "Mental orthopedics" was a program developed by Binet, intended to improve children's
concentration, emotional intelligence, and IQ.
concentration, attention, and intellectual levels.
abstract reasoning, memory, and vocabulary.
reading, writing, and arithmetic.
10. What important conclusion did George Miller draw after becoming familiar with Noam Chomsky's theory of language?
that English is a particularly difficult language for children to learn
that the most elementary unit of speech is the word
that a child picks up the rules of grammar by trial-and-error learning
that behavioristic learning theory could not account for a child's acquisition of grammar
11. George Boole's development of an expanded form of calculation known as "Boolean algebra" was a major step in the new discipline known as __________.
analytical geometry
artificial intelligence
programmed instruction
symbolic logic
12. How is "cognition" best defined?
the state of being conscious or aware of something
the process of acquiring knowledge or understanding of something
the act of evaluating the desirability of something
the act of "reality testing"
13. Who among the following was a psychologist born in Soviet Russia who emphasized the importance of sociocultural factors in the development of intelligence?
Lev Vygotsky
Jerome Bruner
David Wechsler
Lewis Terman
14. What philosophical implication did many of Pascal's contemporaries and immediate followers draw from his creation of the Pascaline?
It challenged Descartes's assertion that only humans had the capacity for rational calculation.
It challenged Locke's theories about the association of ideas.
It undercut Hobbes's argument that human reasoning was a form of mathematical calculation.
It caused Leibniz to be troubled by the thought of a machine that could calculate numbers better than a human being.
15. Binet and Simon discovered that normal children differed intellectually from subnormal children primarily by being able to solve problems and answer questions
involving relations, such as left and right.
involving arithmetic.
involving vocabulary.
in general at a younger age.
16. According to Piaget's theory, a child in the __________ stage of intelligence lacks the ability to solve problems involving __________.
concretely operational; conservation of volume
preoperational; object constancy
formally operational; chemical combinations
sensory-motor; conservation of quantity
17. After observing and comparing the behavior and test responses of his two daughters, Alfred Binet characterized them as the
"observer" and the "imaginer."
"scientist" and the "artist."
"introvert" and the "extrovert."
"thinker" and the "feeler."