Reference no: EM132731162

1. In general, law enforcement activity can impact recidivism based on how proactive the agency is. There can be a large impact in the recidivism rate if an individual feels as if they can get away with their actions, then they may go for it. Oppositely, if an individual sees a lot of police activity in their area, they may think twice about it. Crime often has to do with weighing risk versus opportunity. The higher the risk in that scenario, the more of a chance of getting caught, and the better the police are doing their job. Parole board policy can impact recidivism by implementing additional help for those on parole. For example, if parole boards implemented additional life skills courses, that could help parolees develop skills that can then turn into jobs, as well as financial literacy skills, then those on parole may be able to better understand their own potential at becoming productive members of society.

2. Law enforcement activity has showed that it has little to no impact on recidivism through many experiments but if the agency is proactive then I do believe it can be accomplished. But in this week's reading it mentioned that research shows smaller caseload sizes when combined with Evidence Based Practice has been proven to reduce recidivism. Some of the core elements of EBP include P/P officers assessments that will help assess the risk factors and use those same factors to be able to identify which offenders are likely to reoffend and finally assigning each offender to different levels of supervision according to risk associated with the offender. Every offender is different and the factors associated with the offender and the crime associated with the offender so effective treatment will differ also.

3. Policing has a lot to do with recidivism. If an offender knows that they can get away with committing crime, then they will continue to do it. However, if communities have more policing, then offenders may not commit crime because they know they will get caught. Abadinsky (2015) explains that probation and parole officers should perform assessments to identify risk factors. The risk factors will predict which offenders are likely to reoffend. Probation and parole officers should assign officers to different levels of supervision according to the assessed risk. Parole board policy can influence the recidivism rate by determining the amount of supervision that an offender needs. Additionally, parole boards can offer additional help for offenders to ensure that they do not reoffend. If parole boards offer courses that can help an offender obtain a job and a place to live, they can become better members of society. Rehabilitation services can also be useful for offenders struggling with addiction. Rehabilitation services can offer ways to help offenders cope with their addiction, so they do not go back into the world of drugs once out of jail.

4. Recidivism is is a person's tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior, especially a relapse into criminal behavior. Partnerships between local law enforcement and corrections agencies such as probation and parole are more common as agencies continue to learn the value of leveraging their resources to meet the common goal of public safety. Police departments may not regularly know who are returning to their communities and one of the most important benefits of police-corrections relationships is the opportunity for timely intelligence. For example, if police officers have verified addresses for returning individuals, that information may be useful for preventing crimes of retaliation or the recurrence of domestic violence. Such information should not be used by police to "keep tabs" on probationers and returning prisoners, but rather to pursue the public safety needs of the community. In addition, many police departments are developing reentry strategies or participating in reentry task forces. Having this common platform of information is critical to ensuring all team operations are synchronized to best support returning individuals and/or probationers. Parole board policy can influence the recidivism rate because there are cases where certain offenders need more supervision than others so it's important to make sure they pay more attention to those individuals. Parole boards can help them get off to a good start when they rejoin the community by helping them a place to live or aid them in getting a job. Another example is they can assist offenders with substance abuse problems by getting them into rehabilitative programs to combat their addictions. If they can accomplish this they increase thelikelihood of being able to give parolees the assistance they need before they get a chance to commit other offenses.

5. First, let us discuss what exactly recidivism is. According to the Legal Information Institute, recidivism is the "tendency to engage in repeated criminal behavior", typically referring to a convicted individual who serves their sentence, and then commits another crime resulting in another sentence (Recidivism, 2020). So, how can law enforcement activity impact recidivism? Law enforcement is seen as a practical issue to the recidivism in probation and parole. The community that the individual stays in, could potentially produce arrests and prosecutions by law enforcement. Various degrees of law enforcement will generate different levels of statistical recidivism, no matter what the probation/parole agency has in terms of effectiveness (Abadinsky, 2015). If there tends to be an effective control model agency, it could produce statistically more arrests and convictions by law enforcement activity. Oddly, the more that we see effective law enforcement activity, there are more crime rates being recorded (Abadinsky, 2015).

When it comes to how the parole board policy can influence the recidivism rate, it is done by determining the level of supervision an individual needs. When it comes to being set up with intensive supervision, it provides a greater chance at getting violations and having recidivism due to it (Abadinsky, 2015). For the future, the parole board should make sure that the inmate is prepared for release, and that the parole boards themselves have a policy that is backed by data.