Knowledge of the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders

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Reference no: EM132680817

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, China in 2019 is currently causing a worldwide panic, with many governments resorting to mandatory quarantines and travel restrictions. Most of what we know about COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been derived from general scientific knowledge about related coronaviruses and from clinical publications and data derived from the disease's epicenter in Wuhan.

Covid-19 spreads very quickly because infected individuals typically do not show symptoms for 5-7 days post-infection. In most individuals, particularly under the age of 30, the symptoms are extremely mild, more resembling a cold or flu, and often go unnoticed and likely unreported. The more severe cases, which can lead to fatality, occur in patients that are over 65 years of age, or over 40 years of age with one or more comorbidities. In particular, individuals with underlying hypertension, heart disease, respiratory disease, or diabetes are at a much higher risk of developing severe symptoms. In addition, males are nearly twice as likely to develop more severe symptoms than are women, for reasons that are still not understood.

The patients who develop more severe symptoms develop what is referred to as acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, much as patients infected with the previous coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS did.

Based on your knowledge of the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders, inflammation, and the adaptive immune system, what do you think the overall pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS is, and what are the current best treatment practices?

Reference no: EM132680817

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