Introduction to Epidemiology

Reference no: EM132383577

Readings: Aschengrau & Seague, Ch. 8 "Cohort Studies"

1. The following questions relate to the reading by Grodstein et al, Cataract extraction and cognitive function in older women. Epidemiology 2003;14:493-7. The PDF of the article is posted to Canvas with the homework. Briefly state your answers the following 5 questions:

a) Please identify the "exposure" of interest.

b) There are two general outcomes for this study. What are they?

c) List two advantages of the cohort study design compared to the case-control design that the authors took advantage of in their study.

d) The authors mention the potential for bias due to misclassification of cataract extraction. Do you believe this is a problem in this study? Why or why not?

e) In Table 2, the adjusted relative risk for a TICS low score (<31 points) is 1.10. Calculate the unadjusted relative risk (no confidence intervals necessary)? Show your work. HINT: You need to use the total number of exposed and unexposed.

f) Please put the results calculated in part (e)into words.

g) Assuming the association between cataract extraction and cognitive function is causal, what proportion of low cognitive function scores are due to cataract extraction?

2. The following questions relate to the Hastert et al. study discussed in class looking at the association between meeting the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and breast cancer incidence in the VITAL study cohort.

a) What was the objective of this study?

b) What was the primary exposure(s) of interest? How was the exposure measured? What are your impressions of how accurately the exposure(s) was measured?

c) What was the primary outcome of interest? How was this measured? What are your impressions of how accurately the outcome was measured?

d) What type of study was conducted?

e) Describe the source of the study population, process of subject selection, sample size, and ratio of cases to study participants.

f) What exclusion criteria and why did the authors exclude participants for those reasons?

Attachment:- Hastertetal-Cancer Prevention Recommendations Article.rar

Attachment:- Grodsteinetal-Cataract Extraction Article.rar

Reference no: EM132383577

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