Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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Reference no: EM133692216

Question

Explain the mechanisms of actions and provide example drugs of the following.

a. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: Blocks the formation of peptide cross links in order to weaken the cell wall and end up causing the cell to lyse.

i. lactams such as penicillin and methicillin: penicillian with gram positive cocci and some gram-negative bacteria. Methicillin treats infections from penicillin resistant bacteria.

ii. Cephalosporins

b. Inhibition of protein synthesis: bind to subunits to inhibit ribosome assembly.

i. Aminoglycosides: changes the shape of the subunits so its unable to read the mRNA and incorrect amino acids leading to wrong protein ii. Tetracyclines: block the docking side of the transfer RNA, preventing amino acids from being added.

c. Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

i. Sulfonamides: Blocks pathways and inhibits metabolism

d. Disruption of cell membranes

i. Polymyxins: attacks the cytoplasmic membrane making it interfere with its integrity and cause cell to lyse. Extremely toxic only used topically.

e. Disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis

i. Fluoroquinolones: Block DNA gyrase, an enzyme in DNA replication, to inhibit bacterial replication.

ii. Rifamycin: bind more readily to RNA polymerase in prokaryotes than eukaryotes and can be used to block transcription

7. Explain how drug resistance develops

Reference no: EM133692216

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