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In a refrigerator the working fluid remains a gas throughout the cycle. Its working may be described in a greatly simplified form as a sequence of four steps as follows: 1 The fluid passes through the refrigerated compartment, where its temperature rises. During this step its volume remains constant. 2 The fluid passes through the compressor pump, where it is compressed adiabatically. 3 The fluid passes through the pipes behind the refrigerator, where its temperature falls. During this step its volume remains constant. 4 The fluid passes through the expansion valve, where it expands adiabatically. (a) Show these four steps on a P-V diagram, labelling the steps clearly. (7 marks) (b) (i) In which step or steps is work done on the fluid? (ii) In which step or steps is heat transferred to the fluid? (iii) In which step or steps is work done by the fluid? (iv) In which step or steps is heat transferred from the fluid? (4 marks) (c) The temperature inside the refrigerator is 2.0 °C. It stands in a kitchen whose temperature is 22 °C. After a period of an hour, 95 kJ of heat are transferred from the interior of the refrigerator to the kitchen. As a result of this heat transfer, what is the entropy change of (i) the contents of the refrigerator, and (ii) the kitchen? (Assume that the heat transfer is reversible.) (7 marks) (d) State the principle of entropy increase. Are your answers to part (c) compatible with this principle? If not, suggest an explanation (one or two sentences)
A cannonball launched with an initial velocity of 161 m/s at the angle of 45 degrees follows a parabolic path and hits a balloon at the top of its trajectory. Neglect air resistance, how fast is it going when it hits the balloon? What is the accelera..
A tank of water 3.00m deep sits on a table 1.00 m tall. A hole is located 2.0m from the bottom of the tank. Water flows out of hole and strikes the ground. Where does it strike the ground.
An ancient club is found that contains 120.00 g of pure carbon and has an activity of 7 decays per second. Determine its age assuming that in living trees the ratio of 14C/12C atoms is about 1.10x10-12. Note that half life of carbon-14 is 5700 yea..
Two cars are travelling on a desert road. After 5s, they are side by side at the next telephone pole. The distance between the poles is 70m.
Show that the boundary conditions far away from the cylinder
A long pair of wires conducts 28.10 A of dc current to, and from, an instrument. If insulated wires are of negligible diameter but are 2.8 mm apart, what is the magnetic field d = 11.2 cm from their midpoint, in their plane.
A stationary radar operator determines that a ship is 11.00 km south of him. An hour later the same ship is 24.0 km southeast. If the ship moved at constant speed and always in the same direction, what was its velocity for the duration of this tim..
What is the magnitude of an average acceleration of the ball
A point moves along the x-axis with its position, x, at time t given by x(t) = t3 - 3t2 + 2t - 1. Which of the following is the acceleration when t = 2?
A physics student in a hot air balloon ascends vertically at constant speed. suppose the following four forces that arise in this situation.
General relativity says that the total orbital energy of the binary system consisting of two neutron stars will decrease over time through the emission of gravitational waves. If this happens slowly sufficient that the orbit stays circular, response ..
A hunter aims directly at a target (on the same level) 84.2m. If the bullet leaves the gun at a speed of 193 m/s, by how much will it miss the target.
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