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Question: Shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen closely related to E. coli and S. typhimurium. Some experiments have shown that oxygen controls expression of some virulence factors in this organism. Assume that you have a S. flexneri gene, oxyA, that appears to code for a virulence factor and is only expressed in the absence of oxygen. Design a set of experiments to: 1) identify additional genes that are also expressed in the absence of oxygen but not in the presence of oxygen and 2) determine if expression of the oxyA gene in the absence of oxygen is due to the action of a repressor or an activator protein. Be sure to describe any strains or clones you would need to create to carry out your experiments and the kind of results you would expect from each experiment.
Discuss and explain how ideas about stress immunization evolved into realization that maternal behavior actually plays an important role in mediating the effect of early stress, citing both animal and human research.
The gene has 32 exons. Removal of exons 3-5 should alter the reading frame and produce a protein with an early stop codon. How might removal of three exons lead to a stop codon that occurs in exon 6 instead of in exon 32?
Down syndrome is the result of an extra 21st chromosome in humans. In the process of meiosis for the mother, give all possible stages where it could lead to an offspring with Down syndrome,
Eighteen museum specimens of the extinct great Auk were used to amplify coxI, a mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase. DNA sequence analysis of 600 nucleotides of coxI revealed 5 alleles and the number of nucleotide differences between them are s..
The endosymbiont theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from ancient bacteria that were ingested by primitive nucleated cells.
What color do you guess that the fur of these mice will be? Why with reason?
Based on the results of your investigation, what conclusions could you draw about the relationship between a muscle's workload and its threshold of stimulation.
What gland generates cortisol
Explain the differences between eukaryotic and prokaroytic cells. Include in your discussion three phenotypic systems used to classify microbes.
The most abundant from of phosphorous has 15 protos, 16 neutrons and 15 electrons. Determine which of the following is an isotope of pgisphorous?
In a small population of snapdragons experiencing incomplete dominance, 30 percent express the homozygous dominant phenotype of red flowers, 50 percent have the heterozygous phenotype
A beaker is separated through a barrier which only glucose can pass. The right side has 10 mM glucose and the left side has zeromM of glucose.
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