Reference no: EM133454092
Questions
1. Identify the first synthetic drug that could truly be categorized as a hypnotic.
a) Opium
b) Chlordiazepoxide
c) Chloral hydrate
2. Which of the following is true of the clinical use of long-acting barbiturates?
a) They are used in emergency situations to quickly anesthetize a patient.
b) They are typically used in the treatment of insomnia.
c) They are used as anticonvulsants to treat epilepsy.
3. Identify a true statement about the absorption and distribution of barbiturates.
a) Shorter-acting barbiturates are not as lipid soluble as longer-acting barbiturates.
b) There is unlikely to be any trace of a short-acting barbiturate in the body once its initial effects recede.
c) The effects of shorter-acting barbiturates begin rapidly and diminish just as quickly.
4. Which of the following is true of the interaction of benzodiazepines (BZDs) with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors?
a) BZDs bind to multiple cavities on the surface of the receptors.
b) BZDs greatly suppress respiration as there are numerous BZD sites on the GABA receptors that regulate respiration.
c) The binding of BZDs to GABA receptors results in a change in the receptors' shape and an increase in their inhibitory effects.
5. Identify a disadvantage of using benzodiazepines (BZDs) to treat insomnia.
a) They have more potential for abuse or tolerance than barbiturates.
b) They decrease the total sleep time.
c) They reduce the amount of time spent in deep sleep.
6. Which of the following is true of prescription non-benzodiazepine (non-BZD) drugs, or Z drugs, used in the treatment of insomnia?
a) They are unlikely to cause overdose when combined with alcohol.
b) They primarily produce anxiolytic effects.
c) They generate a sleep rhythm that more closely matches an individual's natural sleep cycle.
7. Identify an acute psychological effect of sedatives and hypnotics.
a) Increased inhibition
b) Heightened anxiety
c) Difficulty making rational judgments.
8. Identify a true statement about tolerance to benzodiazepines (BZDs).
a) Tolerance to BZDs is both cellular and metabolic.
b) Tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of BZDs develops quickly.
c) Like barbiturates, tolerance first develops to the sedative and hypnotic effects of BZDs.
9. Which of the following is true of the mechanism of action of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)?
a) GHB decreases levels of serotonin and acetylcholine.
b) GHB has a relatively high affinity for GABA receptors.
c) GHB binds to GABAB receptors at higher doses and can produce sedation.
10. Identify an acute effect of taking a mild dose of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
a) Hypothermia
b) Deep sleep
c) Short-term forgetfulness
11. Which of the following is true of the prevalence of inhalant use?
a) Inhalants are illegal to buy and possess.
b) In 2019, male high school students were more likely to use inhalants than females.
c) The use of inhalants is most common among younger adolescents.
12. Adhesives, aerosols, and solvents are inhalants that fall under the category of
a) nitrites.
b) anesthetics.
c) volatile substances.
13. Which of the following is true of the pharmacokinetics of inhalants?
a) Their absorption into the blood stream occurs slowly.
b) They are less likely to be absorbed by body fat.
c) The drug levels peak within a few minutes after entering the brain.
14. In the context of the acute effects of inhalants, which of the following is true of deaths associated with inhalant use?
a) About one in every four deaths is caused by liver damage.
b) Deaths associated with inhalant use is usually due to seizures.
c) First-time users account for nearly 20 percent of people who die from inhalants.