Reference no: EM133195402

Read: Counseling Research QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, AND MIXED METHODS

Carl J. Sheperis Walden University

J. Scott Young University of North Carolina at Greensboro

M. Harry Daniels University of Florida

Assignment

Please provide a brief answer to each of the questions.  These questions were presented in class earlier in the semester.  The prior professor may have reviewed this material.  But no documentation was located.   I had provided a power point presentation associated with the questions that appear below.  An edited version of the power point has been included.

1. When reviewing a research article (see ch 3,16), list at least five headings that you might find in a study (e.g., abstract, introduction and review of literature, etc).  Next to each heading, describe what type of information will be presented to the reader (e.g., methods:  cross-sectional design with convenience sample, etc).

2.  Throughout history, scientists have engaged in research with little oversight and as a result have caused harm and violated the basic human rights of participants.  Over the last 40 years, there has been a movement to ensure that human participants are not placed at risk.  Guidelines that have comprised ethical practice in research include at least 3 ethical principles: Respect of Persons (autonomy), Beneficence, and Justice (ch 17).  Define each principle and indicate whether you believe these guidelines will prevent or promote unethical research methods.

Human Development and Research Methods

In chapter 5 of your text, the authors provide an overview of experimental models.  A key factor in research is having a high level of Internal Validity.  This means refers to the degree of confidence one has that the Independent variable (and not some other variable) is causing the effect on the dependent variable. 

As the authors indicate in chapter 5, there are several things that he or she must "rule out;" these are called threats to validity.  Your assignment is to define each threat to internal validity that appears below.

1.  Mortality

2. History:

3. Testing

4.  Selection Bias

5.  Experimenter Bias