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Some reformers would re-conceptualize IP by ?rst identifying the minimum standards-for health, welfare, education-that government ought to meet for its citizens, and then adopt- ing (or modifying) IP law to help achieve those human rights outcomes. International law- yer Laurence Helfer cites as an example a 2001 report by the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, analyzing the impact of TRIPS on the right to health:
includes an obligation for states to promote medical research and to provide access to a?ordable treatments, including essential drugs.
The High Commissioner's report analyzes how intellectual property a?ects these two obligations. It acknowledges that patents help governments promote medical re- search by providing an incentive to invent new medical technologies, including new drugs. But the report also asserts that pharmaceutical companies' "commercial motiva- tion ... means that research is directed, ?rst and foremost, towards ‘pro?table' dis- ease. Diseases that predominantly a?ect people in poorer countries ... remain relatively under-researched." One way to remedy this market imperfection is to create incentives for innovation outside of the patent system.16
How would you apply this human rights approach to the problem of supplying expensive but essential drugs-for malaria, tuberculosis, or HIV-to poor people in underdeveloped nations?
What have presidents justified under the principles of immediate needs of the nation and a mandate from the people?
carbon dioxide and methane as well as other gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun close to the earths surface
How did the European world move from an unknown, Earth- and man-centered universe determined by an omnipresent God to an incomprehensible universe run by natural laws and understood through mathematical calculations?
In what ways were Native Americans forced to assimilate? What was the purpose of this forced assimilation? Who did it benefit? How did it benefit this group
topic of death. You can do this in a number of ways, including searching for a video or online article or even talking to someone you know who identifies with a specific cultural group.
Technology as Politics and Culture", Richard Sclove argues that we should do more to acknowledge technoogy's 'polypotency.' What does this term mean, why does Sclove think that it is important to acknowledge this characteristic of technology?
What is intellectual property? How do you protect intellectual property?
You will ask the interviewee to describe the educational and training steps (the career paths) he or she took to reach the current position. You will also ask the interviewee to describe, in some detail, the job responsibilities associated with th..
What criteria must be met before a contingency must be recorded as a liability? How should the contingency be disclosed if the criteria are not met?
What are the causes of disunion? Consider both long term and short term (proximate) causes. Could disunion have been prevented or was it inevitable?
Determine which type of cooperative strategy would most benefit the two companies you researched.
Before physical changes occur during puberty hormonal changes take place. Explain the endocrine system’s role in these changes. Please include specific hormones and what their function is.
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