Reference no: EM131561793

Respond to this first activity (2-3 paragraphs):

My assigned theory is Jung Theory. Consider how these theories have changed over time or are perceived differently through history.

Answer the following questions for assigned theory:

1. How was this theory influenced by previous theories?

2. Has the theory changed over time?

Please complete this second activity by responding to each prompt (1-2 paragraph each):

Respond to two theories different from your own by comparing and contrasting the way different theories deviated from Freud's original thinking.

Prompt 1: Adler work on the mind contradicts Sigmund Freuds work on the mind. Freuds states the conscious and unconscious work separately. However, Adler beliefs was the concscious and unconscious worked in unison with one another, in order, to move toward fictional finalism (Cloninger, 1996). Alder finds that when we feel a positive sense of encouragement, we have a strong belief that things are capable and attempt to act like their connected and cooperative. Think it as a way of not only expressing but learning to accept encouragement, respect, and our social interest that feels fulfills. Alder believed in each individual there is an incomparable way of living. When using categories to place people in he used simple descriptions for basic lifestyles. Adler dislike this method to organize large group with only general categories. A total of four main types of people and three of the four are considered negative. The ruling type is when people try to control other people around them. Getting type is going to be more passive and willing to follow the ideas of others. The avoiding type will isolate themselves, in order, to avoid any loss, these people tend to be frigid. Lastly, socially useful type has a strong value over controlling the lives and wish to push for good things to help the mankind. Alder had another issue with how Freud focused on sex as a major factor to motivate people.

Half a century after Alfred Alder influence personality and system of psychotherapy. Alder ideas consistently made an impact on contemporary psychology (Marcus & Rosenberg, 1998). Thanks to Adler, a shift of psychoanalysis to ego psychology lead way to Alder's original thinking. The work he did on psychoanalysis became a hug part of psychoanalysis down the line.

 Reference: Adler, A. (1970). Fundamentals of individual psychology. Journal of Individual Psychology, 26(1), 36.

Funder, David C. (2016).  The personality puzzle (7th ed.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

Marcus, P., & Rosenberg, A. (Eds.). (1998). Psychoanalytic versions of the human condition: Philosophies of life and their impact on practice. NYU Press.

Prompt 2:  Erik Erikson related that not all conflicts take place in the unconscious mind, many conflicts are conscious and these conflicts arise at various stages of life (Funder, 2016). Unlike Freud's theory of psychosexual, which focuses on childhood stages and internal conflict, Erikson promoted psychological changes throughout life; which became the theory referred to as psychosocial (Funder, 2016). Freud's theory of personality development involved the time period of birth through adolescence, whereas, Erikson's theory focused on the whole life span; but both believed that personality development occurs in a series of predetermined stages. Freud's Psychosexual theory and Erikson's Psychosocial theory follows similar paths, in the sense that at each stage there are developmental processes that should be met. Freud liken his stages to biological terms and believed personality development existed within one's childhood experiences only.

Erikson built upon Freud's stages to include focuses on social relationships and their impact on personality development. Comparing the stages of Freud and Erikson it is clearly evident that Erickson was influenced by Freud's theory, because both theories emphasizes stages that can assist in the development of personality. The difference is the time periods in which these developments occur, and the source of influence on these developments. Freud promoted biological processes and needs as the main drives towards a sound personality, whereas Erikson emphasized social and environmental aspects as the main drives within personality development that continues throughout one's life. Erikson's theory didn't change as Freud's did because Erikson's view of personality development is the modern view within present day, that psychological growth is an ongoing process from birth through old age (Funder, 2016).

Another point is that Freud's Psychosexual theory was introduced in 1905, whereas Erikson's Psychosocial theory was introduced in 1959. This suggests that an increase in knowledge concerning personality traits, may have assisted Erikson to expand on personality development, which is similar to modern-day Wiki-pages. A Wiki-page is created, and as more information about the topic is uncovered, the page is updated. Likewise, the understanding of personality development between the introduction of the two theories may have uncovered aspects that Freud didn't address or view, and Erikson may have use new aspects to develop his theory which updated our understanding of personality development. Furthermore, in the future even Erikson's theory may be updated as new aspects of personality is discovered.

D.C. Funder. (2016). Personality Puzzle (7th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York, NY.