Reference no: EM132798623

Based on what you know about the differences between where viruses and bacteria live in the human body, why do you think it is more difficult to design an antiviral drug with no harmful side effects than an antibacterial drug with no side effects?

Genes are expressed by a cell only when they need to be. One of the ways a cell controls when genes are expressed is by the use of repressors. This is a molecule that attaches to the beginning of a gene, blocking any other molecules from binding.

a) Explain how the repressor molecule would stop a gene from being expressed.

b) An inducer is a molecule that can remove the repressor from the gene. What effect would this have on gene expression?

Diphtheria is a disease that was a major cause of death in the early 20th century. Scientists now know that diphtheria stops the ribosome from being able to move along the mRNA chain as peptide bonds form between amino acids.

a) What process does diphtheria interfere with?

b) Explain why diphtheria could cause major illness or death.