Reference no: EM132648055

Evolution

Discussion 1: Discuss the scientific issues concerning the theory of evolution and defining adaptations. One cannot absolutely determine the conditions of our ancestors that would give rise to certain adaptations. Scientists have to make inferences on traits that are present and theorize about past selective pressures. It is easy to come up with conditions that would have led to certain traits that we see today. For example, an adaptation that appears to be universal can have several speculative evolutionary explanations.

Emotions

Discussion 2: There has been controversy surrounding theories on the categorization of emotions. Some theorists indicate that there are six universal emotions that everyone cross-culturally can recognize, and some theorists claim there are less. How can we measure categories of emotions and determine if they are universal? How does a categorical assessment of emotional expression differ from a dimensional assessment? Can all of human emotional expression be conveyed through four basic expressions?

Cultural Symbols

Discussion 3: Rituals, customs, and costumes are common in most cultures. Because self-esteem may stem from associations with a specific cultural value or worldview, individuals tend to communicate to others the groups to which they belong. What customs and rituals bind people together in a distinguishable group? What are some reasons why people wear cultural symbols and the value they place on customs and rituals? Discuss how these symbols and rituals may be evolutionary adaptations that helped with survival. Talk about what may happen if an individual does not adhere to the customs of their culture and how their self-esteem may stem from their groups.