Reference no: EM132340223

Medical Chemistry

Medical Chemistry Text; The HealthKeeper Home Study Course

1. An ionic bond is the mutual attraction of a positive and negative charge.
a. true
b. false

2. Salts can be made by replacing the hydrogen of an acid with ___.
a. an ion
b. a gas
c. a protein
d. a metal
e. a proton

3. Alkalis turn red litmus blue and neutralize acids.
a. true
b. false

4. There are six main ways atoms can arrange themselves when they bond together.
a. true
b. false

5. How many types of particles are there?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 6
d. 5
e. 3

6. What type of bond causes molecules of water to join together?
a. metallic bond
b. covalent bond
c. hydrogen bond
d. ionic bond
e. electron-pair bond

7. Salts, carbonic acid and carbon dioxide play an important part in keeping the acid-base balance of our blood constant.
a. true
b. false

8. Pernicious anemia develops with a deficiency of ___.
a. zinc, red blood cells and white blood cells
b. iron, red blood cells and platelets
c. zinc, white blood cells and platelets
d. zinc, red blood cells and platelets
e. red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

9. What was discovered in 1669 and prepared from urine?
a. ammonia
b. lithium
c. phosphorus
d. calcium
e. potassium

10. What main type of protein is bigger in plasma's molecules?
a. albumin
b. globulin
c. potassium
d. hemoglobin
e. chlorine

11. What is known as the complete or partial gain of electrons?
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. double bond
d. covalent structure
e. electron transfer

12. A relaxed muscle is electrically negative compared to a contracted muscle.
a. true
b. false

13. Acid salts create an acidic solution.
a. true
b. false

14. What is the only nonmetallic element that exists in liquid form at normal temperatures?
a. magnesium
b. hydrogen
c. bromine
d. chlorine
e. oxygen

15. If the kidneys do not excrete sufficient sodium ions, edema of the heart and kidney failure can follow.
a. true
b. false

16. The outermost shells of the electronic structures are called ___.
a. valence shells
b. neutron shells
c. ionic shells
d. proton shells
e. covalent shells

17. How much of our body weight is comprised of water?
a. 50%
b. 90%
c. 80%
d. 70%
e. 60%

18. According to the author, how many elements occur naturally?
a. 73
b. 89
c. 68
d. 104
e. 95

19. The atomic weight of an element is the number of grams of the element that contains one mole of atoms.
a. true
b. false

20. Copper is the fourth most abundant element by weight in the earth's crust.
a. true
b. false

21. During the first three months of pregnancy, the fetus takes the greatest amount of iron from the mother.
a. true
b. false

22. In the International System, there is only one base unit for each physical quantity based on the metric system.
a. true
b. false

23. Each kidney tubule consists of ___.
a. a tubual
b. a glomerulus
c. a Bowman's capsule
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

24. For osmosis to occur, there must be a membrane which allows water to pass through while holding back molecules and ions of substances dissolved in water.
a. true
b. false

25. Which of the following is a property that is common to all gases and vapors?

a. they do not move in all directions

b. they constantly move in all directions
c. they vibrate
d. both B & C
e. none of the above

26. What is it called when items attract certain materials?
a. mutual attraction
b. gravitational attraction
c. repulsion
d. electrical attraction
e. magnetic attraction

27. Atoms of all metals need to lose electrons to acquire a stable number of electrons in their outermost shells.
a. true
b. false

28. The highest concentration of potassium in the body is in the cells of the brain.
a. true
b. false

29. What is the lightest element?
a. air
b. helium
c. water gas
d. oxygen
e. hydrogen gas

30. Bases are substances that ___.
a. give protons
b. reject neutrons
c. accept protons
d. accept neutrons
e. reject protons

31. What are the principal raw materials that carbon compounds are made from?
a. oil
b. coal
c. wood
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

32. According to the author, how many main type of bonds are there?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 3
d. 5
e. 2

33. In red blood cells, when the oxygen carrying molecule is bound to oxygen, it is called reduced hemoglobin.
a. true
b. false

34. Which of the following statements is true?
a. iron is stored in the liver
b. very little iron is obtained from the diet
c. in males, the iron requirement is greatest between 15 - 16 years
d. iron is absorbed in the small intestine
e. all of the above

35. The two most abundant metals in the body are ___.
a. iron and sodium
b. potassium and sodium
c. zinc and iron
d. copper and potassium
e. copper and zinc

36. What cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
a. liquids
b. ions
c. particles
d. elements
e. atoms

37. If two solutions have the same osmotic pressure, they are called ___.
a. dual osmotic
b. hypertonic
c. isotonic
d. bitonic
e. hypotonic

38. The rate at which substances react together depends on their ___.
a. titration
b. bonds
c. concentration
d. speed
e. molecular structure

39. Who has been called the father of modern chemistry?
a. Van Helmont
b. Paracelsus
c. Humphry Davy
d. Robert Boyle
e. Antoine Lavoisier

40. Electrons are most likely to be found as the distance from the nucleus increases.
a. true
b. false

41. The color of chlorine gas is blue.
a. true
b. false

42. Whether or not a substance behaves as an acid depends entirely on the nature of the solvent.
a. true
b. false

43. Which of the following action(s) describe how antiseptics destroy bacteria by oxidation?
a. virtually burning up the bacteria with oxygen
b. overwhelming the bacteria with lots of oxygen
c. cleansing the area with sterile oxygen
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

44. The amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in blood is the main factor in controlling the rapidity of respiration.
a. true
b. false

45. Energy must be supplied in which of the following forms to break molecular bonds?
a. motion and light
b. electricity and heat
c. kinetic
d. electricity, heat and light
e. heat and light

46. There is more sodium in the intracellular fluid than potassium.
a. true
b. false

47. Atoms joined together to form groups are called molecules.
a. true
b. false

48. An ionic bond is formed by an atom losing an electron to another atom.
a. true
b. false

49. Which of the following is not part of the production and elimination of carbon dioxide from the body?
a. when the sugar has been oxidized in the cell, carbon dioxide and water are formed
b. carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid
c. bicarbonate of soda is produced
d. carbonic acid diffuses out from the lung capillaries into the bronchioles, further splitting up into carbon dioxide and water, which are breathed out in exhaled air
e. carbonic acid is diffused out of the cells and into the surrounding tissue fluid

50. Molecular formulas are used for giant structures.
a. true
b. false

51. The formula weight of a substance is calculated from the ___.
a. atomic weight
b. molecular weight
c. formula weight
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

52. An atomic number is ___.
a. the number of electrons in the nucleus of an element
b. the number of bonds within the atom
c. the number of protons in the nucleus of an element
d. how many electrons fill the shells around the outside of the nucleus
e. the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an element

53. Vitamin B12 has what metal in its center?
a. sodium
b. zinc
c. iron
d. potassium
e. cobalt

54. Davy Noah discovered sodium in 1807.
a. true
b. false

55. All energy on the earth comes from the sun.
a. true
b. false

56. The concentration of salts in the sea has been gradually decreasing.
a. true
b. false

57. What can be highly toxic and fatal if given to infants?
a. sodium bicarbonate
b. potassium hydroxide
c. sodium iodide
d. sodium chloride
e. potassium chloride

58. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. the neutron is neutral
b. the proton is positively charged
c. the electron is positively charged
d. the neutron is uncharged
e. the electron is negatively charged

59. The atoms in molecules are always joined together by covalent bonds.
a. true
b. false

60. Atoms contain over thirty different kinds of particles.
a. true
b. false

61. The kidneys and lungs are the two primary buffering systems of the pH of the blood.
a. true
b. false

62. Which alkaline metal ion is given USP category of expectorant?
a. sodium chloride
b. potassium iodide
c. sodium iodide
d. potassium chloride
e. sodium hydroxide

63. Breathing can stop for several minutes without fatal effects.
a. true
b. false

64. The law of conservation of energy states that provided there is no change in mass, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
a. true
b. false

65. What are compounds called with a similar chemistry to benzene?
a. isotonic
b. saline purgatives
c. localized
d. alkaline
e. aromatic

66. Which of the following is the lightest element?
a. nitrogen
b. sulfur
c. hydrogen
d. oxygen
e. deuterium

67. Which of the following is a toxic effect of fluorine?
a. it is poisonous unless highly diluted
b. it can mottle tooth enamel
c. it causes eye and nose irritation
d. both A & C
e. both A & B

68. Some diuretics can cause sodium depletion.
a. true
b. false

69. Atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and occupy the same place in the periodic table are called ___.
a. molecules
b. ions
c. isotopes
d. bonds
e. shells

70. The richest deposits of sodium salts are at the sites of ancient lakes or sea beds.
a. true
b. false

71. How long does it take for brain cells to die after oxygen deprivation?
a. 180 seconds
b. 30 seconds
c. 120 seconds
d. 60 seconds
e. 90 seconds

72. What is the second most abundant intracellular metal?
a. magnesium
b. potassium
c. barium
d. lithium
e. calcium

73. The glands of the stomach can produce hydrochloric acids in high concentration without damage to themselves or the other cells lining the stomach wall.
a. true
b. false

74. Which alkaline metal is used in the treatment of mental disorders?
a. zinc
b. sodium
c. lithium
d. iron
e. potassium

75. What compound is not composed of molecules, but positive and negative ions?
a. ammonia
b. lithium
c. magnesium
d. sodium
e. potassium

76. A reaction that involves the loss of electrons is ___.
a. reduction
b. oxidation
c. electrostatic transfer
d. a redox reaction
e. electron transfer

77. If the heart stops, the short-term oxygen reservoir in the lungs and the blood is available.
a. true
b. false

78. The region where the electrons are found are called shells or energy levels.
a. true
b. false

79. Which acid is so corrosive that it can't be contained in a glass vessel?
a. hydrochloric acid
b. nitric acid
c. sulfuric acid
d. hydrofluoric acid
e. acetic acid

80. Atoms achieve stability by acquiring a certain number of electrons in their innermost shells.
a. true
b. false

81. Which is the lightest of all metals but has a harder consistency?
a. chlorine
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. calcium
e. none of the above

82. The sun consists mainly of what element?
a. nitrogen
b. hydrogen
c. argon
d. oxygen
e. carbon dioxide

83. Atoms or groups of atoms that carry an electrical charge are called ___.
a. protons
b. covalent bonds
c. neutrons
d. ions
e. electrons

84. The proportion of nitrogen in the air is ___.
a. 20%
b. 1%
c. 80%
d. 50%
e. .03%

85. The tissues of the body that have the highest concentration of zinc are the ___.
a. kidneys
b. large intestine
c. eyes
d. brain
e. reproductive organs

86. What element only contains a proton and no neutrons?
a. copper
b. hydrogen
c. magnesium
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

87. Why does ice form on the surface of water instead of on the bottom?
a. it is more dense on the surface
b. colder water is toward the surface
c. it is less dense toward the surface
d. both B & C
e. both A & B

88. Water gas is the mixture of ___.
a. nitrogen and hydrogen
b. hydrogen and water
c. oxygen and hydrogen
d. oxygen and nitrogen
e. hydrogen and carbon monoxide

89. The atomic number of oxygen is 10 and its electron configuration is 2,6.
a. true
b. false

90. What combines with calcium and phosphorus in the skeleton to form the salts that give bones rigidity?
a. potassium
b. magnesium
c. oxygen
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

91. In all compounds, both electrons in the shared pair are provided by only one of the atoms.
a. true
b. false

92. Which is a rare gas?
a. neon
b. krypton
c. sulfur
d. both A & B
e. both B & C

93. Drinking soft water can lead to ___.
a. kidney disease
b. lower blood pressure
c. higher incidences of heart disease
d. diabetes
e. better overall health

94. Car, flashlight and hearing aid batteries are common examples of an electrolytic cell.
a. true
b. false

95. The liver is the regulator in maintaining constant extracellular sodium concentration.
a. true
b. false

96. Solute is the name given to which of the following?
a. a highly diluted liquid
b. a solution containing three or more liquids
c. a molar liquid
d. a highly concentrated liquid
e. a substance dissolved in liquid

97. Which of the following statements is true?
a. 20% of our body weight is the water which is outside of our cells
b. we are continually losing water from our lungs in our breath, from our skin and from our kidneys
c. about 50% of our body weight is water situated inside our cells
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

98. Each halogen element has ___ electrons in its outer shell.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 7
d. 8
e. 5

99. What is it called when the hardness of water can be removed by boiling?
a. temporary hardness
b. magnesium bicarbonate
c. soft water
d. permanent hardness
e. calcium bicarbonate

100. All the alkali metals have ___ electrons in the outer shell.
f. 3
g. 5
h. 4
i. 2
j. 1