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The water gas shift reaction equilibrates rapidly at temperatures above about 450 °C. At high temperatures this reaction favors the formation of carbon monoxide, while at low temperatures more hydrogen is formed. When hydrogen is the desired product, the shift reaction is promoted at lower temperatures by using an excess of steam and providing a medium- or low-temperature shift catalyst.
In an auto thermal reforming process, 1000 kmol/h of methane at 20 °C is compressed to 10 bar, mixed with 2500 kmol/h of saturated steam, and reacted with pure oxygen to give 98% conversion of the methane.
The resulting products are cooled and passed over a medium-temperature shift catalyst that gives an outlet composition corresponding to equilibrium at 350 °C.
i. How much heat is required to vaporize the steam?
ii. How much oxygen is needed?
iii. What is the temperature at the exit of the auto thermal reforming reactor? iv. What is the final molar flow rate of each component of the synthesis gas?
Determine mathematically the value and direction of a single resultant force which when acting upon the plate shown below would effectively replace the forces shown.
Calculate the drum temperature, calculate the vapor and bottoms compositions and completely size the tower: Diameter, Height, weight.
Calculate the tap pings k on a three-phase autotransformer to limit the starting current to 4 times the full load current. For such a limitation, determine the ratio of starting torque to full-load torque.
Determine the pinch temperature and the minimum utility requirements for the process set out below. Take the minimum approach temperature as 15 °C. Devise a heat-exchanger network to achieve maximum energy recovery.
The process produces a net amount of work equal to 4,500 J/mol and it exchanges an unknown amount of heat with the surroundings. Determine the amount of heat exchanged with the surroundings. Is this heat absorbed or rejected by the system?
Forty-five kilograms of a solution containing 30 wt% ethylene glycol in water is to be extracted with furfural. Using Figures 4.14a and 4.14c, calculate:
derive the time constant for transfer of a metabolite from a particular cell to a neighboring cell. Assume that these are two epithelial cells whose geometry can be approximated as a box and that the two adjacent boxes are connected with transfer ..
The process used in the manufacture of aniline from nitrobenzene is described in Appendix F, Design Problem F.8, which is available in the online material at booksite.Elsevier.com/Towler. The process involves six significant stages:
A sealed rigid tank contains 1 kg of wet steam at 300 °C. The fraction of the liquid in the tank is not known. Upon adding heat to the tank it is observed that the vapor condenses. The heating stops when the system becomes saturated liquid. At tha..
A 500-hp, wye-connected, wound-rotor induction motor, when operated at rated voltage and frequency, develops its rated full-load output at a slip of 0.02; maximum torque of 2 times the full-load torque at a slip of 0.06, with a referred rotor curr..
Compute the sending-end voltage, current, real power, and reactive power for the following conditions:
Emergent behavior is present in normal cellular and pathologic processes. How does emergent behavior lead to disease?
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