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Cells use transporters to move nearly all metabolites across membranes. But how much faster is a transporter than simple diffusion? There is sufficient information available for glucose transporters to make comparison. The normal circulating concentration of glucose in humans is 5 mM, whereas the intracellular concentration is usually very low (for this problem assume the internal concentration of glucose is 0 mM). At what rate (molecules/sec) would glucose diffuse into a cell if there were no transporter? The permeability coefficient of glucose is 3 x 10-8 cm/sec. Assume a cell is a sphere with a diameter of 20 um. The rate of diffusion equals the concentration difference multiplied by the permeability coefficient and the total surface area of the cell (Surface of of sphere = 4pieR2. Rememeber to convert everything to compatible units so that the rate is molecules/sec).
A. 1.1 X 106 molecules/sec
B. 2.1 X 106 molecules/sec
C. 1.1 X 107 molecules/sec
D. 2.1 x 105 molecules/sec
E. No glucose will be transported.
In the correct order, list the components of the eye that light passes through on its way to the retina. Describe the specific consequences of any abnormality or malfunctioning of each of these components.
Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive. If a color-blind woman marries a man who has normal vision, what would be the expected phenotypes of their children with reference to this character?
What intracellular messenger is primary regulator of adaptation of photoreceptors?What Intracellular second messenger is primary regualator.
Cord blood stem cells are stem cells with hematopoietic potential. In class, we have learned about drawbacks and benefits of CBSCs over HSCs.
What would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan biosynthesis enzymes in cells that express a mutant form of Trp repressor that (i) cannot bind to DNA or (II) binds to DNA even if no tryptophan is bound to it?
During an action potential, activation of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels occurs at different rates. What is the effect of this difference on ion flow across an axon membrane?
If the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis produce ATP and the mitochondria produce ATP during respiration, why do cells in the leaves of plants have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
For a particular assay, you need cells at a concentration of 300 cells per ml. In your flask of cells growing you counted a sample using a hemacytometer.
If you cross a black fur rabbit and a white fur rabbit, the resulting offspring look gray, when examining closely the fur of gray rabbit consist of both black and white hairs. What type of non-mendelian inheritance is this.
What effects may the reintroduction of wolves have on the ecological communities in the region? What might be done to mitigate the conflicts between ranchers and wolves.
Determine which of the following structures are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, DNA, Lysosomes, Perioxisomes, Cytoplasm.
How many gametes can be generated from an individual along with the genotype CCDd? Utilize a drawing to display the possible ways homologous chromosomes can orient themselves.
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