Reference no: EM132436658
Steve Q. is a 52-year-old Hispanic male with a family history of alcoholism. He is 73 inches tall and weighs 240 pounds, with much of his excess weight around his middle. Although he typically drinks four cans of beer every day, he considers himself a social drinker. He has had two arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol. He has recently been diagnosed with diabetes and takes an oral medication to control his blood glucose. He also has high cholesterol and recently started taking a lipid-lowering medication. He also claims that he frequently gets sick. Recent tests have revealed Steve has fatty liver, which concerns him. He never exercises. He also reports having occasional low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and feeling shaky and dizzy, especially after he drinks too much on an empty stomach.
1. If Mr. Q. drinks a quart of beer, how many servings of alcohol is he consuming?
a. nearly three servingsb. almost six servingsc. about four servingsd. just over two servingse. about one serving
2. Mr. Q reported that he frequently gets sick. Which of the following statements is not true explaining why excess alcohol consumption would cause a person to get sick more frequently?
a. Excess alcohol consumption displaces food, which can lead to a protein deficiency.b. The absorption of zinc is impaired, creating a zinc deficiency, which will negatively affect the immune response, making infections more likely.c. Excess alcohol slows down the synthesis of proteins such as antibodies, which are needed for immune system function.d. Thiamin absorption is impaired causing a thiamin deficiency, weakening the body's defense against infections.e. Alcohol provides kcalories, but the kcalories are empty of nutrients, including protein.
3. Mr. Q wants to know why he has developed a fatty liver. You would give him all of the following reasons except:
a. The accumulation of the niacin coenzymes with their hydrogens and electrons slows down the TCA cycle so that pyruvate and acetyl CoA levels build up.b. The excess acetyl CoA is used to make fatty acids, which accumulate as fat in the liver.c. The excess acetyl CoA is used to make ketogenic amino acids.d. When the enzymes oxidize alcohol, they remove hydrogens and high energy electrons and attach them to the niacin coenzyme.e. The enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase break down alcohol to acetyl CoA.
4. Mr. Q. is concerned about his recent fatty liver diagnosis and wants to know about his prognosis. Which of the following is true of fatty liver?
a. It is generally "silent" and rarely has effects on the liver or on health in general.b. Even with abstinence, it is likely to progress to cirrhosis.c. In the early stages, it is reversible with abstinence from alcohol.d. It is characterized by the formation of scar tissue.e. It rarely progresses, even if drinking continues.
5. If Mr. Q drinks four drinks within one hour, his blood alcohol concentration would be:
a. .07b. .09c. .08d. .06e. .05
6. If Mr. Q is drinking four (12-oz) cans of beer each day in addition to his normal food intake, how much weight will he gain in 6 months (180 days)? Assume that 3,500 kcalories consumed in excess leads to one lb of fat gain.
a. 21.2 lbsb. 484 lbsc. 31.5 lbsd. 3.2 lbse. 2.2 lbs
7. Why does Mr. Q experience symptoms of low blood glucose, feeling shaky and dizzy, especially after he drinks too much alcohol on an empty stomach?
a. He consumed too many sugar-containing drinks earlier in the day.b. Drinking heavily without eating blocks glycogen breakdown by the liver, so glucose is not released into the blood, causing hypoglycemia.c. He ate too much salt.d. He performed strenuous exercise.e. He took too much insulin.
8. If he continues drinking, how might alcohol affect Mr. Q.'s health?
a. It will cause his kidneys to shrink.b. He will have increased bone mass.c. He will have decreased joint inflammation.d. He will have increased testosterone levels.e. He will have an increased risk of colon cancer.