Reference no: EM132311648

Assignment

1 What is the great transforming force of the 21st century according to Hall and Pfeiffer?
Select one:
a. Industralization
b. Globalisation
c. Informational Revolution
d. Avocino Revolution

How many of the worlds urban poor live in urban areas(Hall and Pfeiffer)?
Select one:
a. one third
b. more than half
c. less than half
d. 80%

According to Hall and Pfeiffer what is the greatest threat to achieving a good environment?
Select one:
a. urbanisation
b. pollution
c. industrialisation
d. poverty
e. gluten

According to Ong and Roy, a 'Worlding city' is :
Select one:
1. a milieu of interventions;
2. a source of ambitious visions;
3. undertakes speculative experiments;
4. all of the above.

According to Roy and Ong, worlding is the art of being global to solve urban problems in the midst of inter-city rivalry, comparison, new solidarities, and globalised contingencies.
Select one:
True
False
 
2 According to Friedmann, Chinese urbanisation is:
Select one:
a. Both modern and ancient in equal degree.
b. Very new but with an ancient pedigree
c. Entirely modern without any ancient precedence
d. Entirely ancient - and modern urbanisation is but a continuation of the old processes albeit with new technologies

According to Friedmann, Chinese urbanisation is:
Select one:
a. A dynamic multi-dimensional set of social and modernisation processes
b. Expressed in Beijing's rock music scenes
c. A function of Pearl River delta's transformation from a rural region into a networked city region
d. Seen in middle-class gated housing estates
e. All of the above.

According to Friedmann, Chinese urbanisation is:
Select one:
a. Equal parts exogenous and endogenous
b. Exogenous, i.e., due primarily due to external globalisation of world-cities and technology transfers from Trans-Atlantic modern cities
c. Endogenous, i.e., driven primarily by internal cultural, political and historical forces of Chinese society itself
d. Neither endogenous nor exogenous but rather indigenous.

Ho's article in Pacific Affairs finds that the authors he surveys all agree that globalisation is:
Select one:
a. Central to any understanding of Asian urbanisms
b. A figment of the imagination of European and American authors that is projected onto the entirely novel Asian experience of urbanisation
c. Important but there is no consensus as to why and how this is the case.
d. Irrelevant to an understanding of southeast Asian urbanisms and urbanisation processes

According to Jones in Ho, southeast Asian capital cities are:
Select one:
a. Key national industrial economies producing a significant proportion of their respective nation state's GNP
b. Important because they are the key site of nation-state politics and institutions.
c. Not relevant to understanding the key factors in mega-city development
d. Distort analyses of national urban hierarchies by their size when more study should be done of the smaller cities and regions
 
3 Ren and Luger argue that comparative research on Asian cities is:
Select one:
a. an important corrective to the idea of Asian cities as the 'exotic other' of modern western cities but which require concepts and methodologies emphasising the inter-connectivities and extra-territorial assemblages of city policies, cultures and technologies across the region and the world
b. a waste of time as each and every city is unique and needs to be understood in and on its own terms
c. important because it is necessary to show that Asian values are different to Western experiences and technologies of city planning, building and governance
d. none of the above

According to Beverley, the British colonisers of South Asian cities planned and exacerbated urban segregation and were:
Select one:
a. unsuccessful and ineffectual in their attempts and their legacy on south Asian cities can only been seen in a few colonial architectural fashions in landmark monuments and buildings
b. important for their long-standing impact on religious based segregation (caste) but ineffectual for class and ethno-linguistic segregation into contemporary south Asian cities.
c. important, especially in class segregation logics but whilst this provides an important and longstanding template for national, post-colonial city logics, they were not wholly determinative but rather there are a number of important indigenous, post-colonial patterns, processes, and powers that are more important explanatory factors in urban segregation shaping today's south Asian cities.
d. important historically for their impact on class, religious and ethno-linguistic segregation but this faded once the locals gained independence and reshaped their cities afresh according to local traditions, policies and power elite interests

According to Beverley, that the spatial logics of contemporary south Asian cities are best understood as shaped by policies, processes, and powers that are designed to
Select one:
a. of spaces of autonomy only - of opening up possibilities for local self-governance, public spaces, and local democracy
b. of spaces of social control and social autonomy alike
c. neither spaces of social control nor autonomy, because cities are mediators and vectors of global and national economic flows and abstract political power and are not shaped by local social logics.
d. social control only - of surveillance, segregation, and disempowerment of the citizens

Noble identifies four periods for the long history of south Asian urbanisation and urbanisms:
Select one:
a. ancient, classical, neo-classical, and post-classical eras
b. classical, medieval, British, and modern, post-colonial eras
c. classical, Mughal, Nehru-Gandhi, and Modi eras
d. indus, mughal, gangetic, and davidian eras

Noble takes the long view of south Asian cities and Beverley looks at the relationship between British and post-colonial south asian city development. When read together, their work on south asia shows that Ren and Luger's hopes for a comparative analysis of Asian cities as a whole are :

Select one:
a. important because it helps us realise the difficulty and complexity of comparative work both regionally and globally
b. important because it demonstrates that Asian cities are not exotic ahistorical achievements but rather need to be understood in comparative and long term socio-historical perspective using common sociological and economic and political concepts and methods.
c. all of the above
d. important because it helps us realise that both global and local factors need to be consider together in one conceptual and methodological schema
 
4 In ‘The world cities of Hong Kong and Singapore, one leading hedge-fund manager reports that he would spend 30 to 50% of his work time:
Select one:
a. On the phone talking to stockbrokers and financiers
b. all of the above
c. In the air flying between the key financial capitals of the world - namely NY, London, Tokyo, HK and Singapore
d. In face-to-face informal meetings with clients and peers.
e. Watching financial markets on several computer screens at once

HK and Singapore are in the top five global financial capitals of the world because:
Select one:
a. They are high density (that enable walking between buildings for meetings) and have superb airline connections
b. All of the above.
c. They are close to the emergent global core-economies of East Asia and Southeast Asia respectively
d. European and North American finance companies made them their branch headquarters for Asia
e. They have a high-knowledge labour force

According to Meyer, HK and Singapore are anomalies in the world of finance capitalism because:
Select one:
a. The population is mainly Chinese rather than Caucasian
b. They are the only cities courting the newly emergent middle eastern and central Asian markets
c. None of the above.
d. They are island cities that lack access to large core economies consisting of high-wage value-adding, capital intensive industries in manufacturing
e. They are located in Asia rather than Europe and America

A cantonment in British India was:
Select one:
a. A board game played by bored colonial official wives.
b. A hill-station for the British to retreat for recreation in the cool mountains during the hot summer months
c. A gated community for British colonial officials in the suburbs of pre-existing Indian towns
d. An agricultural industry and administrative centre
e. A military camp

According to Heitzman, the rise of secondary urbanisation of India is on a massive scale in recent decades and this is due to:
Select one:
a. Grassroots capitalist development and entrepreneurship
b. State-designed industrial planning
c. New migration patterns both regional and international
d. Pre-existing British India transport (rail), communications (telegraph), and military and administrative infrastructure
e. All of the above.
 
5 According to Newman and Matan in Asian Green Urbanism (2012) , the most fundamental infrastructure to shape modern cities is:
Select one:
a. None of the above
b. Housing
c. Utilities (i.e., gas, water, electricity and sewerage)
d. Communications technologies (e.g., telephones, wifi, internet etc)
e. Transportation

According to Newman and Matan, the campaign in Delhi to switch all rickshaws and public buses from diesel to CNG was remarkable because it was:
Select one:
a. Initially successful but more recently diesel cars and truck use have escalated air pollution levels to unprecedented levels
b. An unqualified success with air pollution having been radically reduced ever since the campaign was first commenced
c. Unsuccessful initially but has gradually improved over a decade as more buses and rickshaws made the switch to the point that air pollution levels have been reduced overall
d. Unsuccessful as not all buses and rickshaws switched and in any case the main source of air pollution is from manufacturing.
e. none of the above.

Newman and Matan's case studies across many different Asian cities demonstrates that one size fits all and the best way to fix transportation efficiency, mobility, access, and equity is to focus on:
Select one:
a. Not one of the above but rather all of the above in endeavouring to develop an integrated system.
b. Buses and light rail infrastructure
c. Automobiles and roads
d. Heavy rail particularly metro underground systems
e. Bicycles and pedestrian systems

Cervero and Golub (2007) define informal transport as:
Select one:
a. Transport that is legal but only marginal to Asian megacity transport systems
b. Transport provided by people who do not stand on ceremony
c. Transport that is provided without official sanction
d. Transport that is only for poor people
e. Transport for informal purposes like parties and socialising

Cervero and Golub show that in poorest cities of the world, the percentage of all transit trips that is informally provided is approximately:
Select one:
a. 15%
b. 30
c. 50
d. 90
e. 75

6 According to Douglass et al. (2013), many urban theorists around the world dislike enclave urbanism because they claim that gated communities:
Select one:
a. all of the above
b. are dull and myopic
c. exacerbate class and ethnic divisions across mega-cities
d. create mono-functional and mono-cultural enclaves
e. are exclusionary and privatise public life and spaces

Until the 1980s, Douglass et al. (2013) state that Maoist city planning and morphology was dominant in China and it was characterised by:
Select one:
a. high population and built environment densities
b. all of the above.
c. majority of everyday life activities take place locally in and around the work-units
d. a clear demarcation of city from countryside
e. cellular and multi-functional work-units

According to Douglass et al (2013) Chinese state public officials are sometimes involved in new enclave urbanism developments as entrepreneurs, silent partners, and investors. True or False?
Select one:
True
False

Hogan and Hogan (2012) in 'spot the prison wall' show that informal settlements in Manila - because they are usually high density, compact and central are well designed for fire and flood management services. True or False?
Select one:
True
False

For Ananya Roy (2011), 'subaltern urbanism' in megacities is useful for it helps us to :
Select one:
a. have compassion for the poor, understand better their hardships and seek to provide better social services to them
b. recognises informal settlements as examples of resilient and entrepreneurial urbanism, of self-organising economies but which also help us to rethink emergent forms of heterogeneous city making - at the periphery, informally, and in exceptional zones and grey spaces that expose our limits of recognition.
c. move from looking at informal settlements as useful to the development of mega-cities and revert to modernist slum clearance programs and build formal settlements in their place.
d. take their side in overthrowing the rich in their oppression of the poor
e. none of the above for subaltern spaces are unknowable.
 
7 In less than 25 words, state how and why Mumbai's organised crime groups moved from smuggling illicit goods such as gold, narcotics, and guns and contract killings (their main lines of business since the 1950s) to large scale property investment in the 1990s?

In less than 15 words, what does Weinstein (2008) mean by the ‘political embeddedness' of organised crime groups?

Yeo and Heng (2014) show that the night time economy includes:
Select one:
a. city governments creating and promoting cultural, shopping and resort precincts for and to rich, globalised consumers
b. All of the above.
c. the informal every-night activities of the locals in local precincts that contribute to the liveability and social sustainability of Asian cities
d. The value-added activities of night-time workers to a city's GDP through their production of leisure and entertainment activities, complexes and zones
 
8 Why did Aoki (2016) argue that everyday governance structures were unable to cope with the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami? Because they:
Select one:
a. Were inefficient and corrupt?
b. Were out of date?
c. Were organised in a decentralised system?
d. None of the above.
e. did not anticipate the scale and size of the disaster?

Aoki defines community resilience after a natural disaster as the capacity to:
Select one:
a. grow
b. Recover
c. Survive, recover and grow.
d. Survive
e. Survive and recover but not necessarily grow

What does Aoki mean by ‘adaptive governance'? a form of governance that:
Select one:
a. all of the above.
b. has polycentric institutional arrangements, which are nested quasi-autonomous decision-making units operating at multiple scales
c. encourages participation and collaboration , local self-organization, networks, and learning, and innovation
d. matches complex social ecology of labour power, institutions and community organisations to that of a natural ecosystems
e. Is composed of global, national, and subnational governmental authorities, as well as non-governmental actors

According to Muggah (2014) ‘fragile cities' are characterised by:
Select one:
a. more than one but not necessarily all of these conditions.
b. war zones of armed conflict
c. organised crime and corrupt governance structures
d. endemic everyday street level violence
e. under-developed and inefficient infrastructure

Which policies does Muggah (2014) argue should be given priority to tackle fragile Cities:
Select one:
a. Policies for reforming failures in national and city-level governance
b. None of the above but rather policies for prioritising mental health and reducing drug addiction levels of the poor.
c. Policies to deal with the monumental shifts in internet connectivity and digital empowerment.
d. all of the above
e. policies for addressing rapid and unregulated urbanization
 
9 According to Clavan (2018) who said ‘Fine art works should ... inspire minds, warm hearts, cultivate taste and clean up undesirable work styles.' ?
Select one:
a. Dalai Lama
b. Mao Zedung
c. Deng Xiaoping
d. Xi Jinping
e. Donald Trump

Clavan (2018) claims that: ‘the native painting (guóhuà), bronzes, lacquerware, jade carvings, enamels, intricately woven and decorated textiles, and works of calligraphy, all of which together form traditional Chinese art, have ALWAYS been a significant part of the hitherto predominantly village life and culture of China's peasant society.'
Select one:
True
False

Clavan states that: ‘By 2015, however, with a population of 1.37 ... the country had catapulted to over 4,500 formal venues for exhibiting cultural artifacts, including art.' He argues this growth has been caused by:
Select one:
a. A growing recognition by the government that culture is ‘a strategic pillar' of the nation's economic development
b. although the vast majority of the new museums are state-funded ...and thus closely aligned with the state cultural bureaucracy,... this growth is supported very publicly by the entry of large banks, real estate developers, and construction companies into the museum-building business
c. For the enormous number of new dollar millionaires and billionaires China has produced since it opened its economy to private entrepreneurship, supporting a wide range of arts... opening and operating a museum as an investor seems to be a de facto entry requirement for those who want to be full-fledged members of the new money elite
d. the re-emergence of nationalism as the driving political force in China. Nationalism positions art and a country's artistic traditions as a particularly important.
e. All of the above

Clavan argues that the wave of new museums in China - many of which re-use and adapt historic industrial buildings do not - yet - ;reflect anything at all special or specific about what culturally makes China, China, as a reflection of its more recent industrial past or of its future society, because:
Select one:
a. Many are just unabashedly copies of museums in the West
b. They are not new spaces. It is also not altogether clear that these museums are yet providing much civic and/or cultural enhancement beyond serving a very small and select group of elite Chinese, foreign visitors, and students.
c. The building projects they have produced do not, in many respects, reflect the complex evolution of their society
d. The Chinese government is too concerned for nationalist promotion of its own identity whilst seeking global recognition.
e. All of the above

Botnick and Raja's (2012) photo essay shows that Indian city streets - despite, or rather, because of its exuberant bricolage of shops, markets, street vendors, buskers, mingling with tricycles, cars, trucks and buses - demonstrate a democratic, open, public social order. True or False

Select one:
True
False
 
10 In our workshop ppts for weeks 2 and 3 we defined ecological sustainability in a formula. What was that formula?

In our workshop ppts for week 3 we defined sustainable development. What was the definition we provided?

In Urban Future 21, the world cities commission state that there are 6 dimensions to sustainable urban development - what are those dimensions?

Attachment:- The millennial challenge.rar