Reference no: EM131341074

QUESTION 1: Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between ________ and ________.

a. the preconscious; the unconscious

b. repression; rationalization

c. the id; the superego

d. the oral stage; the anal stage

QUESTION 2: According to the learned helplessness model of depression, some people with depression

a. make errors in logic when explaining outcomes they have experienced.

b. think they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience.

c. explain negative events as a result of their own negative personality traits.

d. attribute outcomes to situational factors that are specific and temporary.

QUESTION 3: According to the psychodynamic approach, children feel unconscious impulses toward their parents of the opposite sex during the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

a. phallic

b. anal

c. genital

d. oral

QUESTION 4: Charlotte is excessively needy and smokes cigarettes constantly to ease her anxiety. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, Charlotte may be fixated at the ________ stage of psychosocial development.

a. phallic

b. oral

c. anal

d. genital

QUESTION 5: As identical twins get older, their personalities

a. are as similar as they were growing up.

b. become more similar.

c. change depending on situational influences.

d. become more different.

QUESTION 6: Ken wants a new CD but does not want to buy it. He knows that he can download it for free but that it is illegal. Or he can buy just a few tracks online. Ken wants to steal the music but knows it is wrong. According to psychodynamic theory, Ken has a conflict between his ________ and ________.

a. superego; ego

b. id; superego

c. id; ego

d. subego; superego

QUESTION 7: Which of the following children would have the most difficult time making an emotional connection with other children?

a. Chad, who has autism

b. Warren, who has a specific learning disorder

c. Tommy, who has attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

d. Corey, who has a motor disorder

QUESTION 8: A woman is sitting on a bench. She is sweating profusely, is short of breath, has numbness in her feet and hands, and feels as though she is dying. The woman is most likely experiencing

a. a panic attack.

b. a specific phobia.

c. generalized anxiety disorder.

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

QUESTION 9: Dr. Padgett meets a new client who has antisocial personality disorder. The client most likely has

a. feelings of inadequacy.

b. detachment from social relationships.

c. an inability to control his or her impulses.

d. a lack of empathy and remorse.

QUESTION 10: Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life. She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently talks to herself in public. Caroline is most likely

a. displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia.

b. going to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

c. experiencing severe bipolar disorder.

d. showing both obsessions and compulsions.

QUESTION 11: Frank believes that he is more valuable and special than anyone else. As a result, he feels he is entitled to special treatment, focuses mainly on his own needs, and gets angry when anyone challenges him. Frank most likely

a. is experiencing reflected appraisal.

b. is using his sociometer.

c. is narcissistic.

d. has low self-esteem.

QUESTION 12: According to Aaron Beck, a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

a. "I did not have enough time to study, I will do better next time."

b. "This professor is out to get me."

c. "I am so stupid. There is no way that I can pass this course."

d. "Oh well, it was a hard test. Most of the class probably did poorly, too."

QUESTION 13: Psychologists use the term personality mainly to refer to characteristics and behaviors that

a. show little variability across persons.

b. stem from conscious intentions.

c. are relatively stable across time and circumstances.

d. are relatively easy to observe and measure.

QUESTION 14: How is age related to stability of personality?

a. Personality traits are equally stable at any age range.

b. Children's personalities are more stable than older adults.

c. Age and personality stability are unrelated.

d. There is some stability at any age, but particularly after age 50.

QUESTION 15: Ralph sometimes experiences disruptions to his identity, memory, and conscious awareness. Because of this he may be diagnosed with

a. borderline personality disorder.

b. avoidant personality disorder.

c. schizophrenia.

d. a dissociative disorder.

QUESTION 16: In order to meet the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5, people with bipolar II disorder must experience

a. both mania and a major depressive episode.

b. a major depressive episode.

c. either mania or a major depressive episode.

d. mania only.

QUESTION 17: Research has shown that schizophrenia is influenced by biological factors. Specifically, brain imaging studies have shown that in people with schizophrenia

a. both the amygdala and the hippocampus are not very active.

b. the brain's ventricles become smaller over time.

c. the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced.

d. the frontal and occipital lobes show a dramatic increase in activity.

QUESTION 18: The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.

a. observational

b. self-report

c. subjective

d. projective

QUESTION 19: Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy theory, Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

a. internal

b. external

c. dispositional

d. situational

QUESTION 20: When Billy meets with his therapist, he makes statements showing that he likes to manipulate other people, is a good liar, and always needs immediate gratification. Billy's disregard for social norms and the feelings of others means that his therapist is most likely to diagnose him with ________ personality disorder.

a. antisocial

b. narcissistic

c. histrionic

d. borderline

QUESTION 21: Jared had to quit his job because while he was at work, he constantly worried about a wide variety of things, including what his wife and children were doing at home. In addition, he is easily distracted, often irritable, and sleep deprived. Jared is most likely to be diagnosed with

a. posttraumatic stress disorder.

b. generalized anxiety disorder.

c. agoraphobia.

d. panic attacks.

QUESTION 22: Anita takes a personality test online. The results say she is high on the extraversion dimension of personality and she is likely to be assertive and energetic. The online personality test most likely used the ________ approach to personality.

a. humanistic

b. social cognitive

c. trait

d. psychodynamic

QUESTION 23: When Phia's boss tells her that she is lazy and needs to work harder, Phia smiles and nods politely. That night, she screams at her husband, Eric, for burning the steaks. Phia's behavior most likely is a result of the defense mechanism of

a. displacement.

b. denial.

c. repression.

d. sublimation.

QUESTION 24: When Bart turns four, he begins to find his mother sexually attractive. He wants to kill his father, Homer, so that he does not have to share his mother. According to Freud, Bart is experiencing the ________ complex.

a. Oedipus

b. latency

c. phallic

d. ego

QUESTION 25: Alban's daughter has recently been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome. When trying to explain the diagnosis to his brother, Alban most likely says Asperger's is

a. the childhood precursor to autism in adults.

b. a form of autism that involves severe intellectual impairment.

c. a type of autism in which people have problems with social skills.

d. the combination of autism with hyperactivity.

QUESTION 26: Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ________ disorders. However, clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it ________.

a. depressive; increases their appetite for food

b. bipolar; decreases their sexual motivation

c. depressive; decreases the length of depressive episodes but makes them more severe

d. bipolar; reduces their positive feelings

QUESTION 27: Women experience depression more often than men. This fact is evidence for the idea that ________ factors influence psychopathology.

a. cognitive

b. biological

c. dimensional

d. comorbidity

QUESTION 28: The psychological disorder that is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life is ________ because ________.

a. obsessive-compulsive disorder; this disorder involves thoughts that are often easy to ignore

b. generalized anxiety disorder; the fearful feelings are usually mild and last only a short time

c. panic disorder; one's daily life is only minimally affected

d. a specific phobia; the feared object or situation can often be avoided

QUESTION 29: Andy's id is a very dominant force in his personality. Which of the following is Andy most likely to do?

a. resolve conflicts in a peaceful way

b. act calmly around strangers

c. follow his impulses when making decisions

d. feel embarrassed even if he has done nothing wrong

QUESTION 30: Dr. Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality. Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?

a. "Personality is based on a person's unconscious wishes and conflicts."

b. "Personality is influenced by a person's uniqueness, growth, and self-understanding."

c. "Personality is based on how we think, our expectancies, and our values."

d. "Personality can be described by our personal characteristics."