How does ketamine act to alleviate depression

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Reference no: EM133400652

Assignment:

1- Which of the following statements about the monoamine hypothesis is false?

A- Depleting serotonin always produces depression.

B- Anti-depressant drugs targeting serotonin can take over two weeks to work.

C- In some depressed individuals, monoamine levels are normal.

D- Ant-depressants targeting serotonin don't always work and often only slightly better than placebos.

2- Which statement is correct regarding SSRI antidepressants (like prozac or zoloft) and ketamine?

A- Ketamine produces a rapid Improvement in patients who do not respond to SSRI treatments.

B- All patients will eventually respond to SSRI therapy: only 30% of patients respond to ketamine treatment.

C- Both SSRIs and ketamine do not produce effects above that of a placebo.

D- Ketamine is useful only for those with mild depression: SSRIs are most effective for treatment-resistant populations.

3- Individuals with depression have elevated levels of:

A- dopamine.

B- serotonin.

C- norepinephrine.

D- cortisol.

4- High cortisol levels seen in depression is likely due to the regulatory function of the ______, which is often smaller in depressed individuals.

A- hippocampus

B- amygdala

C- hypothalamus

D- prefrontal cortex

5- In the context of the synaptic dysconnectivity hypothesis of depression, how does ketamine act to alleviate depression?

A- By stimulating the growth of new dendrites and spines in the prefrontal cortex.

B- By increasing levels of BDNF.

C- By enhancing activity levels in the cortex.

D- All of these choices are correct.

6- What is the correct sequence of hormonal releases in the slow response to stress?

A- corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH), epinephrine.

B- adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), epinephrine.

C- corticotropin-releasing hormone (CH), adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH), cortisol.

D- adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cortisol.

7- Chronically high levels of stress can damage neurons in the:

A- hypothalamus.

B- hippocampus.

C- thalamus.

D- amygdala.

Reference no: EM133400652

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