How do you assess fluid deficit and overload in patients

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Reference no: EM133676451

Assignment:

Answer all of these questions:

1. How do you assess fluid deficit and overload in patients?

2. What weight loss or gain in 24 hours is indicative of fluid retention or deficit?

3. How should the nurse measure the weight?

4. What should you, the nurse, do if a patient is experiencing fluid overload or deficit?

5. What conditions can lead to fluid deficit and overload in patients?

6. What is diffusion related to the respiratory system and where does it occur in the lung?

7. What conditions can impact diffusion?

8. What respiratory assessment findings would the nurse find if a problem with diffusion was occurring?

9. What adventitious breath sounds may be present?

10. What is perfusion?

11. What would the nurse assess to monitor perfusion?

12. What findings would indicate a problem with perfusion?

13. What heart rate(s) may be associated with inadequate perfusion

14. What is ventilation?

15. What adventitious breath sounds indicate ventilation problems?

16. What other patient assessments can indicate ventilation problems?

17. What is a late sign of poor oxygenation?

18. What are the three tonicities of IV fluid that were discussed in class?

19. Specifically, what is the percentage of salt in the following solutions? Hypertonic, Isotonic, and Hypotonic.

20. If these three solutions are being infused in the patient's veins how would this impact the fluid in the surrounding cells?

21. When would you want to infuse either of these solutions? Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic

22. What is the difference in parenteral and enteral nutrition?

23. When would you use parenteral versus enteral feedings?

24. When would feed using the following: NG tube, PEG tube, Gastrostomy tube and Parenteral

25. What conditions in a patient can put them at risk for metabolic alkalosis (simple things)

26. Discuss how breathing affects respiratory acidosis and alkalosis? (What would you, the nurse, observe.

When would a patient need a chest tube?

27. Based on this where would placement for the chest tube if there was air vs fluid?

28. What are the three IV complications we discussed and how do you know them if you see them?

29. What actions will the nurse take if there is an IV complication?

30. What is the electrical conduction pathway through the heart?

31. Primary pacemaker and the associated heart rateo Secondary pacemaker and the associated heart rate

Then do the following 3 questions:

1. A client comes to the ED complaining of shortness of breath, shallow rapid breathing and tingling in fingers. He has no significant respiratory or cardiac history. He says he has had anxiety attacks before and takes medication for it. An ABG is done:

• ABG results are:o pH= 7.48o PaCO2= 28o HCO3= 22

What is going on r/t acid base status _______________

Nursing interventions? ________________

2. A 35-year-old single mother reports to the ED in the early morning with shortness of breath, cyanosis of the lips and has crackles and wheezes upon auscultation of the lungs. The patient has begun to have difficulty communicating with her family.• ABG results are:o pH= 7.30o PaCO2= 60o HCO3= 26

What is going on r/t acid/base status? _________________

Nursing Interventions? _______________

3. A patient has had continuous vomiting for two days and has become lethargic, weak and has dry mucous membranes. Also have become confused. The ABG's are measured and are: pH 7.55, PaCO2 40, HCO3-34.

What is going on r/t acid/base status? __________

Reference no: EM133676451

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