Reference no: EM133694413
1- Summarize the 3 main observations made by Darwin regarding his theory of natural selection.
2- Do you understand Friar Jaki's statement and opinion that evolution cannot explain biological diversity above the species level? Elaborate on that view.
3- What did Thomas Huxley think was impeding our understanding of evolution? Explain.
4- How did Wilson, Ohno, King, and Jacob start thinking about evolution in the 1970's? How was that different compared to Darwinian evolution?
5- What was a big argument made by King and Wilson's in their 1975 paper? In that paper's abstract, what are the authors exactly stating in regards to changes in genotypes relating to changes in phenotypes?
6- Explain the terms: Heterotopy, heterochrony, and heterometry.
7- When discussing development of chicks vs. ducks, we assumed that the gene p53 is present in both animals, and when turned on, is associated with cell death. What is different in the developing feet of chick embryos relative to developing ducks? Be impeccable with your explanation.
8- Based on the direction of our lecture, where we explained gene regulation in more detail on the white board, can you propose one or two hypotheses as to how the gene p53 could still be present in both chicks and ducks, yet p53 only turns on in the soft tissue separating the digits in developing chickens? In short, what is different at the DNA level between these animals?
9- If the loss of membrane between digits of the hands is ancestral to all mammals, could you come up with a hypothesis that explains the maintenance of that membrane in some descendant species like ducks?
10 - Why don't we find mammals that carry a separate flight system like that of Batman on Slide 157 In other words, how have mammals like bats and flying squirrels figured out how to fly? Specifically, how is their development different than ours?
11 - Can humans be born with skin between their digits? What is one scientific explanation for maintenance of the inter-digit webbing?
12 - How does heterochrony modify development of the limbs in land & tree-dwelling salamanders?
13 - How does heterochrony modify development of the digits in the dolphin embryo? Do dolphins have unique genes expressed in their hands that we don't have? If not, what might be different at their DNA level relative to our species?
14 - Present 2 or 3 hypotheses on how brain volume differences arise between chimps and humans.
15 - If asked, could you explain how the loss of non-genic DNA could be responsible for the loss of a feature? How does that happen?
16 - What's the main difference between a TRE and a CRE? What is one difference between regulatory DNA and genic DNA? Why don't we just call all regulatory elements "enhancers"?