How diabetes results from dysfunctional signal transduction

Reference no: EM133454814

Assignment:

1. The hypothalamus produces the thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), a small molecule derived from a tripeptide. This stimulates release of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein produced by the pituitary. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine (T4), a small molecule derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Thyroxine increases the metabolic rate of many cells in the body. High levels of thyroxine inhibit both TRH production by the hypothalamus and TSH production by the pituitary.

Construct a model to show how these various factors are involved in cell communication pathways in the body.

2. Type 2 diabetes is an example of a disease that results from the loss of a normal signal transduction pathway. In a person who does not have type 2 diabetes, the pathway begins when insulin binds to the insulin receptors on the surface of a cell. This initiates a signal that tells the cell to synthesize glucose receptors and transport them to the cell membrane where they are to become incorporated. Once incorporated, they allow the cell to take in glucose present in the extracellular medium. Justify the claim that changes in normal signal transduction may alter cellular response by describing how type 2 diabetes results from dysfunctional signal transduction.

Reference no: EM133454814

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