Reference no: EM133200080

Lecture 9 - Genetic basis of B cell recognition

- Characteristics of adaptive immunity and how they're different from innate

- Concept of clonal selection for B and T cells with regards to antibody or TCR diversity

- Structure of an antibody and location of variable and conserved domains, also the

Fab vs Fc domain.

- The different Ig heavy and light chain loci and their general structure (Vs, Ds, and Js), where are the V(D)J recombined segments in relation to the antibody structure, and how are enhancers and promoters involved in transcription of V segments.

- The mechanism of V(D)J recombination, including RSSs, enzymes involved, signal/coding joints, P&N nucleotides, and what are all the mechanisms to generate diversity at the loci.

- The order that the different Ig loci recombine, what is the pre-BCR, and what is allelic exclusion and why is it important.

Lecture 10 - Genetic basis of T cell recognition and MHC

- The main structural features of the TCR and the differences between the TCR and BCR.

- The difference between CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, including TCR activation and effector functions.

- The mechanism of V(D)J recombination, including RSSs, enzymes involved, signal/coding joints, and how diversity is generated in the loci.

- The pre-TCR complex vs. the mature TCR complex

- General domain structure of the MHC I and II proteins and the types of peptides that they can load. Know what anchor residues are. How many peptides can a single MHC allele present?

- Know about how MHC I and II diversity are maintained in the population and why that's important. How is this diversity at MHC different from the mechanisms for diversity for the BCR and TCR?

- How many different alleles of MHC I or II that humans have and know how many different combinations of MHC I or II an individual can make.

Lecture 11 - Antigen processing and presentation

- Again, know about how mammalian populations maintain MHC diversity and why its important.

- Why do cells present peptides in MHC?

- What factors can affect MHC I and II expression on cells?

- What are the key difference between MHC I and MHC II peptide presentation, including where cells obtain the antigen, how they process them, and which cell types present each MHC type.

- Know all the key players and processes in the endogenous and exogenous pathways for antigen presentation, and what role cross presentation plays. What would be the consequences if there was no cross-presentation?

Lecture 12 - T cell development

- Understand how TCR diversity is introduced in the T cell populations and the important role that T cell development plays in shaping the naïve T cell population that's allowed to enter circulation.

- Know how a thymic precursor commits to the T cell lineage.

- What are all of the stages of T cell development (DN1-4, DP, CD4+ or CD8+), where do they occur in the thymus (cortex vs. medulla), and how can one tell the difference between them (especially with regard to the TCR gene rearrangements and coreceptor molecule expression)?

- What is b-selection? When does it occur?

- What are positive and negative selection for T cells and where/when do they occur, and what accessory cells are important for both of them? Understand the concept of tissue-specific antigens and why/how they're expressed in thymic cells.

- What is MHC restriction?

- Know the affinity model for selection.

- Know what lineage commitment is.

Lecture 13 - T cell activation and differentiation

- What are the three signals needed for T cell activation and where do they get them from?

- What is an immunological synapse and what type of interactions are occurring in the different areas of the synapse?

- Understand the signaling cascades that occur upon TCR recognition of peptide-MHC.

- Understand signal 2 and its capacity to be inhibited by coinhibitory molecules.

- Understand what constitutes signal 3 for CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and how it can direct CD4+ T cells to differentiate to many different T helper cell populations. Understand the role of pAPCs in this process and the connection between innate detection of pathogens and Th polarization.

- Understand the concept of polarizing cytokines, master gene regulators, and effector cytokines with regard to differentiation of T helper cell subset?

- What are the main differences between type 1 and type 2 responses and which T helper cell populations fall into each category?

- Have a general understanding of the difference between each T helper cell subset, esp. Th1, Th2, peripheral Tregs with regards to their general role in an immune response.

Lecture 14 - B cell development

- Understand how BCR diversity is introduced in the B cell populations and the important role that B cell development plays in shaping the naïve B cell population that's allowed to enter circulation.

- Know each of the stages of B cell development in the bone marrow and the spleen and how one can tell each cell stage apart based on the recombination status of the Ig locus and BCR receptor expression. Also, at which stages and locations do negative selection take place?

- What are the two checkpoint for B cell development? What role do the surrogate light chains play in the first checkpoint?

- What is the importance of BAFF for B cell survival?

Lecture 15 - B cell activation and differentiation

- What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent responses?

- Know the 3 signals needed for B cell activation and how they are provided.

- Know the structure of the lymph nodes and how B cells receive antigen, know the importance of follicular DCs in the B cell maturation process, and know how B cells move around the follicle during activation.

- What are the three areas of an immunological synapse between an B cell and APC, how does the B cell acquire antigen from the APC using the synapse (2 mechanisms)?

- Understand the signaling cascades that occur upon naive BCR recognition of antigen, esp. with regards to the role of lipid rafts in initiation and the importance of CD19-mediated inhibition of Bad/Bax.

- Understand the concept of how B cells acquire whole antigen using their BCR, but then they must process this antigen in MHC II in order to get T cell help.

- Understand the molecular mechanism for switching from a BCR to an antibody.

- Know the T-independent antigens and the B cell populations that can make antibodies to them.

- How are B1-B cells different from B2-B cells?

- How are B cell responses inactivated?

Attachment:- B Cell Development.rar

Attachment:- Genetic basis of antigen recognition.rar