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1) Which of the following statements about evolution is true? 1) ______A) Organisms evolve structures in response to needs.B) Evolution is directional.C) Evolution is a passive process.D) Evolution is deliberate and purposeful.E) Individuals evolve within the span of their own lifetimes.2) A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range = 7.35 — 7.45). What has happened to the blood pH and why? 2) ______A) The pH is below normal (acidic) because the buffering capacity was exceeded.B) The pH is above normal (basic) because the glucose is polar.C) The pH is above normal (basic) because the ketones are too basic.D) The pH is not affected because the blood buffers can absorb the excess H+.E) The pH is below normal because buffers can donate OH+.3) The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of 3) ______A) CHO2.B) CH3O.C) CH2O.D) CHO.E) CHO3.4) A basal body is 4) ______A) identical in structure to flagella.B) similar in structure to centrioles.C) composed of nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.D) identical in structure to cilia.E) composed of nine microtubule triplets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.5) Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids 5) ______A) usually enter the cell via endocytosis.B) require transport proteins to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.C) are actively transported across cell membranes.D) very slowly diffuse through a membrane's lipid bilayer.E) easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.6) During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? 6) ______A) "grooming" of pyruvateB) glycolysis and the citric acid cycleC) the citric acid cycleD) glycolysisE) oxidative phosphorylation7) What is the likely origin of chloroplasts? 7) ______A) prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondriaB) eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungiC) mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesisD) photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cellsE) a combination of mitochondria and Golgi bodies8) Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s). 8) ______A) 0B) 3C) 2D) 4E) 19) The mechanism that "breaks" the linkage between linked genes is 9) ______A) pleiotropy.B) codominance.C) crossing over.D) independent assortment.E) incomplete dominance.10) Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F-) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F+) would typically produce which of the following results? 10) ______A) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F- bacterium, and the F- bacterium ends up with a chromosome that lacks those genes.B) The F- bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome.C) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F- bacterium, and the F- bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome.D) The F- bacterium ends up carrying one or more plasmids from the F+ bacterium; the F+ bacterium is unchanged.E) The F- bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with a chromosome that lacks those genes.11) RNA splicing involves the 11) ______A) addition of a nucleotide "tail" to the molecule.B) addition of introns to the molecule.C) addition of a nucleotide "cap" to the molecule.D) removal of introns from the molecule.E) removal of exons from the molecule.12) The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to 12) ______A) allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome.B) bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription.C) insert a segment of RNA into a bacterial chromosome.D) bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation.E) form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.13) The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that 13) ______A) cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months.B) using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin.C) there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin.D) human insulin is more variable than other sources of insulin, so cloning provides a greater chance of obtaining a form that can be used by the diabetic's muscles.E) human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow, pig, or horse insulin.14) In order for gene therapy to be permanent, 14) ______A) the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells.B) the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.C) the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity.D) the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells.E) the defective gene must undergo restriction enzyme analysis first.15) "Sticky ends" are 15) ______A) produced by PCR.B) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.C) used by mRNA to attach to ribosomes.D) always long sequences of a single nucleotide.E) produced by the action of DNA ligase.16) Approximately what percentage of human DNA is noncoding? 16) ______A) 98.5%B) 37%C) 99.9%D) 49%E) 79%17) Enhancers are 17) ______A) required to turn on gene expression when transcription factors are in short supply.B) the site on DNA to which activators bind.C) the products of transcription factors.D) required to facilitate the binding of DNA polymerases.E) adjacent to the gene that they regulate.18) miRNA can be used by 18) ______A) researchers to induce the production of more mRNA.B) viruses to stop the production of new proteins.C) researchers to artificially turn on gene expression.D) researchers to stimulate the production of DNA.E) cells to prevent infections from double-stranded RNA viruses.19) Which of the following statements regarding cancer risk factors is false? 19) ______A) Mutagens are usually not carcinogens.B) Broccoli and cauliflower are thought to be especially rich in substances that help prevent cancer.C) Eating 20-30 grams of plant fiber daily and reducing the intake of animal fat can reduce your risk of developing colon cancer.D) X-rays and ultraviolet radiation are two of the most potent carcinogens.E) Factors that alter DNA and make cells cancerous are called carcinogens.20) The term "gene expression" refers to the 20) ______A) fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes.B) process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.C) flow of information from parent to offspring.D) fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes.E) fact that certain genes are visible as dark stripes on a chromosome.
A man who has smoked for over twenty years develops emphysema. Describe what emphysema is and how it affects the lung volumes or capacities.
Assume a population of people is 16% Rh - negative.
Question 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the chemical basis of inheritance. It is composed of nucleotides, has a double helix structure and relies on ribonucleic acid or RNA to get its information out to the cell. But the RNA has only one s..
Living cells are highly ordered units, yet the universe is heading toward higher entropy. Discuss how life can maintain its order in spite of the second law of thermodynamics.
In constructing an oligonucleotide probe based on information from a protein's sequence, The synthesis of most proteins starts with methionineor a derivative there of, so a methionine codon assures one will start at the beginning of the gene
you decide that you want to figure out a situation where you see constant transcription of the lac genes but you want the amount of transcription to be low. which scenarios will give low transcription?
The F1 generation, which resulted from cross between the two lines, has a mean of 135kg and a variance of 16kg. What is the broad sense heritability (H2) for milk yield in this population.
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white and tall plants are dominant to dwarf.You cross plants that are heterozygous for both traits (F1 x F1). What fraction of the offspring would you expect to be tall and white?
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. These species shared a common ancestor recently (in geologic time) and have a high degree of genetic similarity, although their anatom..
In a cell biology laboratory experiment, two students independentlyisolated the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes thereduction of pyruvate to lactate, from chicken heart.
Given blood spatter patterns, is possible to estimate the direction the blood was traveling, angle of impact, and the point.
A store clerk tells you that vitamin C extracted from rose hips is better for you than synthetic vitamin C. Based on what you know of the structure of organic compounds, does this claim seem credible? Why or why not?
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