Furthers conversation high-fidelity dna replication

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Create a response that furthers the conversation High-fidelity DNA replication and repair are controlled by various mechanisms including exonuclease proofreading, mismatch repair, and DNA damage response. These mechanisms are essential to ensuring there are as little mutations as possible and that the genome is stable. The majority of DNA polymerases run in a 3' to 5' direction in terms of their exonuclease activity. This direction allows them to move backwards and remove newly added nucleotides that are not matched to the correct template strand. Therefore, the exonuclease can "proofread" the DNA and ensure it is synthesized correctly.The mismatch repair system possesses the ability to identify and repair base pairs that are not paired correctly after the initial proofreading from the endonuclease. Specialized proteins like MSH2 and MSH6 are able to recognize the mismatched pairs and call on other proteins like MLH1 and PMS2 to identify which new strand has the error and get rid of the improper nucleotide. This allows the strand to be synthesized again and paired with the proper base (Brown, 2002). DNA damage response pathways (DDR) get activated to help prevent the passing of mutations to further generations and repair DNA (Groelly et al., 2022). The DDR pathway utilizes various mechanisms to achieve this goal. There is the base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways repair single-strand breaks in the DNA.

Reference no: EM133814771

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