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How will Robots Change Care-Giving?

The elderly percentage 14.5% of the population, represents about one in every seven Americans. It is expected to grow even higher in the upcoming years. The health care system is struggling to address this alarming reality, some of this seniors already rely on family members to perform a variety of essential tasks, but it is not enough. In Japan the population of elderly is even higher (22.3%, of the population) for them is very alarming and so engineer Bassai argues That this problem triggered "the launch of many projects that aim to address the issue including substituting/assisting human caregivers with robotic ones". Some small robots were created to help patients with dementia and this was a success, now there are robots that are being construct specifically for care-giving. Even though they are help full there are still some questions that so many want to address two of these questions will be answer with this essay. The first question: What are the benefits of a care-giver robot?, and second question is: How will a robot assisting patients' in their well-being will have a negative effect towards their patient?

Prior to the questions being answer allow me to begin with a sample study performed by four sociologists Edwards, Edwardsa, Spenceb & Westerman, the sample was composed of 145 undergraduate students enrolled in communication courses at Midwestern university, and Southern university. The sociologists were testing how people feel about interaction with robots, they came up with two hypotheses for this particular experiment.

H1:" Individuals expecting to interact with a robot will report more uncertainty than will individuals expected to interact with another person".

H2: "Individuals expecting to interact with a robot will anticipate lower levels of liking than will individuals expecting to interact with another person".

Time	Group 1 Humans	Group 2 Robots
uncertainty 1	2.62,0.82	2.47,0.74
uncertainty 2	2.38,0.67	2.07,0.78
Liking 1	3.47,0.45	3.49,0.48
Liking 2	3.55,0.57	2.80,0.71
Social Presence 1	3.67,1.10	3.87,1.18
Social Presence 2	4.21,1.20	5.05,1.27

• First result or (time1): people felt no difference on weather interacting with other human being or with a robot.
• Second result or (time 2), there were indications that participants interacting with

humans experienced less apprehension than those interacting with robots.

• Results: the data was very consistent with Hypothesis 1, which explains that Individuals expecting to interact with a robot will feel more apprehensive than individuals who are expecting to interact with another person.

First question: What are the benefits of a care-giver robot? Assistive technology was made to improve our lives. One of the firsts social robots created was Paro It had the appearance of a baby seal and was design for patients with dementia problems. The help that Paro provided was consider pet therapy which additionally targeted depression and anxiety. Patients that interacted on a daily basis with this robot felt happy, and hopeful.

Psychologist Dotson talks about another social robot, this one is the humanoid, It physically resembles a human and it evokes a sense of social presence. This means That people relates to them because of their looks but this is not the only reason of why humans have a profound interaction with humanoids. This Robots where built in the health industry to transport patients from their wheelchair to basically any place they desire to be transfer to, some of these feed patients, groom them, take their vital signs, and also remind them of their medications and what has to be done throughout the day. In other words' humanoids make patients feel independent and this helps their ability to interface with their environment.

Additionally, Datson talks about "early studies of human robot interaction" he explained that humans apparently are heavily influenced by the contest in which they are introduced with robots. humans can develop emotional connections towards their humanoid caregiver through vulnerability and their care of needs which are completely met by humanoids.

Second question: How will a robot assisting patients' in their well-being, will have a negative effect towards their patient? Shatzer explains that Robots are becoming a huge part in the health care system, and the use of this machines will affect the cognitive part of patients who are being service by them, due to solitude and the lack of interaction with other humans.

Psychologists Scopelliti, Giuliani, & Fornara, argue that elders see robots as unmanageable devices that are very confusing to use and a treat or a barrier that won't let them be comfortable in their own house. This led them to performed a study were they ask the population how they felt about robots. The study was performed in three different generations of society, Young, adults, and elders. The young ones were the only ones that liked the idea of having robots working for them. Adults and elders did not see it as a good thing. they didn't like the idea that the robots think for themselves and prefer to interact with robots that they can control, because of mistrust and fear.

Sharkey supports the idea that Robots will cause a state of solitude among seniors and this will alter their state of worthiness, they will be treated like objects without regard to their persona. Another predicament is that by making the elders feel abandon causes their brain to deteriorate faster and this causes dementia.

While there are still so many questions left un-answer about robots and their interaction with humans, two of this questions were able to be addressed in this essay the pros and the cons. One of the pros is the independence that patients gain from all the help that robots provide, and the cons are the psychological problems that emerge from the human isolation, and abandonment that patients get to experience as a result of the interaction with a robot. Even though there are some that view humanoids as a problem or even feel a sense of unease dealing with a machine to complete a day to day task, from all of the information that is available for the public to view, for the most part in the option of professional psychologists, they believe that it's beneficial to bring the idea and put into practice the use of humanoids in the medical field. It's a subject that has mixed emotions on a personal basis, but overall it's all for the well-being and recovery of humans and in helping with tasks that sometimes patients don't have ease of doing