Reference no: EM132391166

1. Explain three environmental considerations a hospital sanitation specialist must consider when cleaning up a biohazardous mess with infectious agent precautions?
2. Explain the reason why moist heat is more efficient at serialization than dry heat and why we need a special instrument to achieve the necessary moist heat temperature of 121°C.
3. Describe three cases where an individual's normal flora could become pathogenic?
4. As a drug discovery scientist, you are testing two new antimicrobial drugs in mice: Drug A begins to decrease microbial load at 250ng/uL and shows cytotoxic affects at 1250ng/uL, Drug B shows the same therapeutic dosage but kills several of the test mice around 500 ng/uL. Which drug would you use (use the Therapeutic indices of each to justify your answer)? Show your work.
5. Describe each of the 5 stages of the infection process?
6. Ten people are stuck in an elevator with a clumsy microbiologist who drops and breaks a vial containing 2 mL's of a dangerous bacterium at a concentration of 1.1 x 10⁷ cells per mL in the middle of the elevator. When the vial breaks half of the sample aerosolizes equally in 360 degrees and everyone inhales and equal amount of all bacteria released. The ID₅₀ of this organism is 5 x 10⁵ cells and the LD₅₀ is 1x10⁶. How many of these people will potentially get sick and how many could die ? Explain the logic behind your answer.
7. Differentiate the differences between ID₅₀ and the LD₅₀ and the two can be used by microbiologists.
8. Describe two ways in which antibiotic resistance could be mitigated?
9. Explain the terms "Selective Toxicity" and "Therapeutic Index" and how they are used pharmacologically.
10. How do changes in temperature and pH alter enzyme activity?
11. Explain how the interplay between the skin and all other 1st and 2nd line non-specific immune defense mechanisms protect you from microbial invasion.
12. Explain how the inflammatory process is initiated and how the underlying events contribute to the observed symptoms.
13. Explain the process of B-cell activation from antigen presentation to antibody production, as it pertains to extracellular antigens.
14. Describe etiology, transmission, and clinical presentation differences between the two main types of meningitis.
15. Given a chart of biochemical reactions construct a dichotomous key that someone could use to identify the bacteria.