Explain the reason for mesenta low cortisol levels

Reference no: EM133284180

QUESTION 1 - There are 5 main types of leucocytes that play an important role in protecting the body from attack by foreign pathogens. How do macrophages assist in alerting lymphocytes to the presence of a foreign pathogen in the body.

Part A - How do macrophages recognise a bacteria and present antigen to a B lymphocyte?

Part B - How does a B lymphocyte respond when it is supplied with an antigen for the first time.

Part C - What takes place when these cells are supplied with an antigen for the second time.

QUESTION 2 - Fulleright Carlisle is a 7 year-old child who has experienced a severe anaphylactic reaction to peanuts. Fulleright's mother is distraught in the emergency room. She does not understand why this has happened to her son today, as it was last week when he had peanuts for the first-time.

Part A - Explain what happens during the sensitisation phase of the allergic reaction.

Part B - Explain what happens during the activation and effector phase of the allergic reaction.

Part C - Fulleright is prescribed an EpiPen which contains adrenalin (which is not an immune modulator). Why does treatment with the EpiPen help him?

QUESTION 3 - A young woman named Trispist has recently been diagnosed with hypo-pituitary function.

Part A - Describe the normal release pattern of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Part B - What effect does Trispist's condition have on the release of GnRH? Explain the likely effect on the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

Part C - Trispist recently missed two menstrual cycles. Explain her symptoms in light of the diagnosis.

QUESTION 4 - Your classmate Mesenta Colpin, a 21-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with Addison's Disease. Mesenta's cortisol levels are abnormally low.

Part A - Describe the anatomy of the adrenal gland and how cortisol release is normally regulated.

Part B - Explain the reason for Mesenta's low cortisol levels. What are the consequences of low cortisol levels on plasma levels of the key regulatory hormones?

Part C - Sometimes Mesenta has cravings for salt. Which hormone is likely to be disrupted and how does it act?

Reference no: EM133284180

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