Reference no: EM133694886

Assignment:

1. Name and identify the location of each of the main and accessory organs of the digestive system.
2. Explain the functions/processes of the digestive system and where each occurs. Be specific.
3. Explain the differences between mechanical/physical and chemical/enzymatic digestion. Provide examples of each.
4. What non-enzymatic substances assist in digestive function? Where is each found? What is their function in digestion?
5. What enzymes are responsible for the chemical digestion of the macromolecules? Where is each enzyme produced? Into what organs are they secreted (where do they work)?
6. What are the macromolecules and monomers discussed in this series of lectures? What enzymes are involved in the chemical digestion of the macromolecules?
7. Describe the relationship of the different enzymes discussed, optimal pH, and its location in the body.
8. Describe the layers of the wall of the GI tract and describe the function of each layer. Be specific.
9. What functions does the oral cavity perform?
10. What are the functions of the different components of saliva? What are the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic salivary glands?
11. Describe the phases of swallowing and what structures are involved.
12. How is the lining of the stomach unique compared to other parts of the GI tract?
13. What types of cells are found in gastric glands/pits? What does each do/secrete?
14. What are the phases of gastric regulation? What happens at each phase? What duodenal secretions are involved in regulating gastric activity? What else do these hormones do?
15. What is intrinsic factor? Why is it important?
16. Describe the process by which pepsin and trypsin become active.
17. Define the role of the stomach in the digestive system. What secretions are involved?
18. Define the role of the pancreas in the digestive system. What secretions are involved?
19. Define the role of the liver in the digestive system. What secretions are involved?
20. Define the role of the gallbladder in the digestive system. What secretions are involved?
21. What are the types and functions of digestive motility? (segmentation etc.)
22. Explain emulsification and the function of bile salts in lipid digestion.
23. Explain the absorption of the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Be sure to discuss the membrane transport mechanism for each (both into the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall and into the blood/lacteal).
24. How is the structure (surface area) of the small intestine designed to optimize absorption?
25. What is the brush border and what occurs there?
26. What are sphincters? Where are they found and what function do they serve?
27. Be able to trace the path of a waste molecule from the mouth all the way through the GI tract to the anus.
28. Define bolus, chyme, and feces. Where in the GI tract would each substance be found?
29. Describe the symptoms, risk groups, and causes of each of the digestive disorders discussed during the unit.