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Provided the rising rates of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in the U.S. and other industrialized nations, you are interested in studying the importance of cholesterol transport in the sodium re-absorptive pathways in the kidney that are important for blood pressure control. One way to study this pathway is to use a mouse model in which an important transporter for cholesterol is "knocked out."Standard gene targeting methods to "knock out" the cholesterol transporter, Abca1, create mice with several severe developmental abnormalities including glomerulonephritis, a kidney defect that would confound the study of other renal processes in this model. For this reason, you decided to make a tissue specific knockout mouse where Abca1 is only "knocked out" in your cell type of interest, the renal collecting duct principal cell. Luckily, you discover a commercially available, floxed Abca1 transgenic mouse model and a Cre-recombinase expressing mouse with the Cre gene downstream of the promoter for the water channel that is expressed in collecting duct principal cells (Aqp2).Questions:1) Describe the Cre/Lox system used to generate tissue-specific knockout mice.2) Reading about the Aqp2-Cre mouse model, you discover that the Aqp2 promoter also causes Cre expression in the vas deferens and testes of male mice. Since these tissues also express Abca1, you desire to avoid mating Aqp2-Cre males as they are infertile. Design a breeding scheme (hint: use Punnett squares) that will produce Aqp2-Cre and floxed Abca1 mice without breeding Aqp2-Cre expressing male mice. (Remember the Cre recombinase gene only needs to be present on one chromosome to function.)What are the ratios of different genotypes that this breeding scheme will produce?3) In question 2 above, which genotypes would serve as your controls for future experiments? Why?
The sequence of the cloned DNA and the amino acids encoded by open reading frames. Stop codons are underlined and labelled 2 or 3 to indicate their reading frame.
define What are the ketone bodies?why they accumulate conditions of carbohydrate starvation.
Explain the nursing care and patient teaching for the patient with a postpartum infection? What will the WBC rise to in case of a postpartum infection?
Think about the biological molecules and processes you have studied in the last unit. Provide one example of a biological molecule or process that possesses high levels or potential energy
In rabbits, a series of multiple alleles controls coat color in the following way, C is dominant to all other alleles and causes full color. The chinchilla phenotype is du the the c ^ch allele,
The altered tRNA translates the UGA as tryptophan. What nucleotide varies has probably occurred in the mutant tRNA molecule? What consequences will the presence of such a mutant tRNA have for the translation of the normal genes in this cell.
Determine what risks does hydrocarbon contamination pose to human health and the environment, and what are the popular treatment technologies available to remove hydrocarbon from groundwater and soil?
Determine how much in mL of .5 M NaOH total can you add to the solution in question 4 and still have a good buffer also Extimate the pH of a 0.05 M solution of TRIS acid (pKa=8.3)?
There are a number of natural types of DNA. One is animal DNA, one plant DNA, another bacterial DNA.What are these two kinds of DNA.
In the humans, the gene for albinism is recessive to gene for normal skin pigmentation. If two heterozygous persons have children, state the probability they will have a child who is an albino?
As a laboratory assistant you were asked to determine the total number of bacteria in the urine of a person with a urinary tract disorder.
The organism may well potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism.
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