Reference no: EM133635028
Question: A 67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks.
PMH includes hypothyroidism well controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF.
Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air.
Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years.
HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with loss of normal rugae. Turbinates pale but no swelling. Thyroid palpable but no nodules felt. No lymph nodes palpated.
Cardiac-regular rate and rhythm with soft II/VI systolic murmur.
Respiratory- lungs clear with no adventitious breath sounds.
Abdomen-soft, non-tender with positive bowel sounds. Liver edge palpated two finger breadths below right costal margin.
| Normal |
Low |
High |
| Folate |
Hemoglobin |
MCV |
| TIBC |
Hematocrit |
Iron |
| |
Reticulocyte count |
Ferritin |
| |
Serum B12 |
|
Explain the anemia presented in the case scenario. In addition, explain two other types of anemia (i.e., microcytic and macrocytic anemias). Include pathophysiology and laboratory findings of each the anemias.
Include any racial or ethnic variables which may contribute to anemias.