Explain opioids affected this concept map to reduce pain

Reference no: EM133664639

Can you help me! Using the scenario, develop a simple concept map, in PowerPoint, demonstrating ascending and descending pain pathway. Then explain the concept map created on ascending and descending pathways, mentioning 1st 2nd and 3rd order neurons, and explain how ibuprofen and opioids affected this concept map to reduce pain.

'Lola, a 15-year-old girl, presents to the Emergency Department (ED) with a painful and swollen wrist. During the assessment, Lola explains that she was travelling downhill on a skateboard when the front wheels got stuck in a gap between the pavers and came to an abrupt stop. She fell onto her outstretched right arm and felt an immediate, acute, severe pain in her right forearm. You examine Lola's arm. There is no broken skin but there is tenderness, swelling, and some bruising. Lola rates her pain as 'eight'. She is given paracetamol, ibuprofen, and an opioid analgesic. After 30 minutes you reassess Lola's pain which she reports as 'two'. An X-ray shows an incomplete fracture of the radius with little displacement of the bone. Her arm is immobilised in a cast for five weeks.

Reference no: EM133664639

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