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The endosymbiont theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from ancient bacteria that were ingested by primitive nucleated cells. Biologists have proposed that endosymbiosis led to the evolution of other cellular structures, such as flagella and peroxisomes, as well. Over hundreds of millions of years, the ingested bacteria lost features not essential for survival inside the host cell. Answer the following questionsa. Based on what you have learned about the membrane systems of organelles, for each of the membrane systems found in mitochondria (two systems) and chloroplasts (three systems), indicate whether it most likely arose from an ingested bacterium or from the nucleated host. Explain your reasoningb. Describe one structure or metabolic process that purple bacteria might have dispensed with once they became endosymbionts in a eukaryotic cell. How would loss of this feature prevent the bacteria from living outside the host?c. Describe one structure or metabolic process that cyanobacteria might have dispensed with once they became endosymbionts in a eukaryotic cell. How would loss of this feature prevent the bacteria from living outside the host?d. Peroxisomes, unlike mitochondria or chloroplasts, scarcely resemble free-living organisms. Assuming peroxisomes evolved from ingested bacteria, describe three features mitochondria retain but peroxisomes apparently lost over hundreds of millions of years. Describe one advantage peroxisomes might have conferred on ancient nucleated cells.
Read the review entitled "RNA Virus Replication Complexes" by Tao & Ye. Choose one of the following: (+) RNA Viruses, (-) RNA viruses or dsRNA virus and describe the location in the cell of its replication complex and the mechanism by which replicati..
Describe how each functions, and outline how the organs work together to carry out the role of an organ system. What quantity of the purple flowered, short stem plants in the F2 are expected to be pure breeding. Illustrate the work.
While walking throughout a forest you notice that someone has carved his or her initials into the bark of a tree. The initials are exactly 1.5 meters from the ground. How far from grounds will the initials be next year and the year after that? Why? E..
What would be a simple hypotheses of two different oganisms (not a bee and Flower) that interact with one another. by using the scientific method and imagination how would an experiment test this hypothesis.
North American supply of salmon has not increased. Freeing up these rivers to allow more wild salmon to propagate will increase U.S. exports which are very good for our economy.
Assume that there are 63 different naturally occurring amino acids. If all 64 possible combinations of bases for a codon resulted in coding for 63 different amino acids and one stop codon, which of the next mutations would NOT be possible.
The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes 1st reaction in the glycolytic pathway. In the reaction, glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate with ATP as phosphate donor and energy source:
A is recessive and confers a black coat, A is dominant to a and confers an agouti coat, and A Y is dominant to both and confers a yellow coat.
Provide the number of divisions, number of daughter cells, what each process creates, and the steps for both mitosis AND meiosis.
Why are algae important in nature. Joan and Alex Smith have five daughters who are quite dissimilar in appearance and talents. Examine why this occurs based on the 2 events in meiosis that enhance genetic diversity.
Animals always want to get the most from their resources by increasing the surface area throughout their organ systems. Please cite five examples and how it does this.
When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. What are these channels known as.
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