Reference no: EM133347778
Questions:
Learning Objectives: pH & Fluid Balance
Understand what extracellular fluid (ECF) is; what intracellular fluid (ICF) is
Explain how ECF volume affects blood pressure
Explain how salt balance affects ECF volume
Explain how ECF osmolarity affects ICF volume; explain
- what causes ECF hypertonicity
- how ECF hypertonicity affects ICF volume
- what causes ECF hypotonicity
- how ECF hypotonicity affects ICF volume
Understand the usual sources of water gain and loss
Explain the role of the following, in the regulation of ECF volume:
- hypothalamic osmoreceptors
- Vasopressin
- left atrial baroceptors
Explain what an acid is; explain the difference between strong & weak acids
Explain what a base is; explain the difference between strong & weak bases
Understand the relationship between [H+], [OH-], and pH
Be able to derive pH values, given a value for [H+] or [OH-]
Be able to derive values for [H+] or [OH-], given a value for pH
Explain what a buffer is, and how it counteracts acidity and/or basicity
Explain how (and where) the following buffer systems work:
- carbonic acid-bicarbonate
- Protein
- Hemoglobin
- phosphate
Explain the role of the respiratory system in pH regulation
Explain why the respiratory system can only partially compensate for low pH
Explain the role of the kidneys in pH regulation
Explain what causes
- respiratory acidosis
- metabolic acidosis
- respiratory alkalosis
- metabolic alkalosis