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Explain how cardiac output determines blood pressure

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Reference no: EM132332111

-Emergency

1. Which of Mr. Helms' vital signs and lab values were abnormal?

2. What additional medical tests would you order for Mr. Helms? In other words, what other information would be useful?

-Cardiac Involvement

1. What is the purpose of blood flow?

2. Describe blood fl ow through the heart starting with blood entering the right side of the heart and including all chambers and valves.

3. What is the function of heart valves?

4. What is the function of papillary muscles?

5. Which valve is aff ected with damage to the papillary muscle in the left ventricle?

-Cardiovascular Involvement

1. In general, how is the direction of blood fl ow disrupted because of mitral valve prolapse?

2. Does the mitral valve prolapse increase, decrease, or not change stroke volume (the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each ventricular contraction)?

3. How does mitral valve prolapse decrease cardiac output (the amount of blood exiting the ventricle per minute)?

4. Explain how cardiac output determines blood pressure.

5. Why is Mr. Helms' heart rate higher than normal?

-Pulmonary Involvement

1. The left side of the heart receives blood from which part of the body?

2. If the bicuspid (mitral) valve is not fully closing, does pulmonary circulation increase, decrease, or not change?

3. Does pulmonary blood pressure increase or decrease with left-sided heart failure? Explain.

4. Does this change in pulmonary blood pressure increase or decrease capillary fi ltration in the lungs? Explain.

5. How does change in pulmonary blood pressure and capillary fi ltration cause Mr. Helms' rales (wet breath sounds)?

6. Why is Mr. Helms breathing rapidly?

-Renal Involvement

1. What are the functions of the kidneys?

2. What is the force that causes the fi ltration of the blood by capillaries in the kidneys to occur?

3. Does left-sided heart failure increase, decrease, or not aff ect kidney fi ltration? Explain.

-Resolution

1. How would you expect Mr. Helms' vital signs and respiratory and kidney functions to change after valve replacement surgery? Explain.

2. Now that you are familiar with left-sided heart failure, describe blood fl ow with right-sided heart failure.

3. What are some possible causes of right-sided heart failure?

4. What symptoms could be expected with right-sided heart failure?


Attachment:- The Heart of the Problem.rar

Reference no: EM132332111

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