Reference no: EM132933792

This section of the Guardian newspaper gives useful updates on the so-called credit crunch and the current economic situation, mainly in the UK but with some international coverage. There are analyses of how the problems began, updates, videos and business podcasts. It could be useful for engaging undergraduate students or providing case studies for teaching.

1 What is the Bernheim effect and the reverse Bernheim effect?

2 Kindly explain why the left side of the heart is more prone to disease.

3 1. Is it always necessary to examine the cardiovascular system of a patient in the 45° incline of the head end? Other than convenience for examining the jugular venous pressure (JVP), does this position have any other advantage? 2. If the JVP is not visible when the patient is in the upright position, can one presume it is not raised?

4 The mitral area (of auscultation) normally corresponds with the apex beat. When the heart is dilated and the apex beat is shifted laterally, will the mitral area follow the apex beat to its new location or remain at the place where the apex beat is normally situated?

5 Please explain in detail how to measure the pulsus paradoxus using a sphygmomanometer.

6 What is the difference between dicrotic pulse and pulsus bisferiens?

7 1. Why does the radial pulse become more prominent when the hand is lifted overhead?