Reference no: EM133292882

1. When considering a chemical reaction, which of the following terms describes the point at which the bonds in the reactants break and the bonds in the products begin to form?

a. Reduced state

b. Oxidized state

c. Activation state

2. Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction occurring in plants cells?

a. Glucose and oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water

b. Glucose monomers forming starch

c. Pyruvate being converted to ethanol and CO2

d. CO2 and H2O forming glucose and oxygen

3. ATP is used to power various processes in cells. How does ATP provide the energy needed to pump molecules, such as sodium ions and potassium ions, across the plasma membrane?

a. ATP is phosphorylated and a transport protein hydrolyzed

b. ATP is hydrolyzed and transport protein in phosphorylated

c. ADP is hydrolyzed and transport protein is dephosphorylated

d. ADP is phosphorylated and transport protein is hydrolyzed

4. Some pesticides like 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) cause H+ build up in the intermembrane space. How would this likely affect the cell?

a. The H+ concentration gradient would be smaller( less H+ in intermembrane space), leading to a decreases in ATP production

b. The H+ concentration gradient would not be affected, resulting in no change in ATP production

c. The H+ concentration gradient would be smaller( less H+ in intermembrane space), leading to a increases in ATP production

d. The H+ concentration gradient would be greater( more H+ in intermembrane space), leading to decrease in ATP production

e. The H+ concentration gradient would be greater( more H+ in intermembrane space), leading to increase in ATP production

5. In experimental trials, a drug that targets the mitochondria was shown to cause fatigue in the patients, even if they had normal food intake and rest. How is this drug likely affecting the mitochondria in these patients' cells?

a. It is disturbing the cellular respiration pathway, leading to production of too much ATP

b. It is disturbing the cellular respiration pathway, leading to production of too much H+

c. It is disturbing the cellular respiration pathway, leading to production of less FAD

d. It is disturbing the cellular respiration pathway, leading to production of too much OXYGEN

e. It is disturbing the cellular respiration pathway, leading to production of less ATP

6. Which of the following molecules is a reactant of cellular respiration and a product of photosynthesis?

a. sunlight

b. co2

c. h2o

d. o2

e. atp

7. Suppose there is damage to a mitochondrion in a cell, causing FADH2 to irreversibly leak out of this organelle and enter the cytoplasm. How would this likely affect aerobic cellular respiration?

a. Fewer atp would be produced during aerobic celluler respiration

b. More atp would be produce during aerobic glucose catabolism

c. There would be no effect in ATP production during aerobic glucose catabolism

d. More atp would be produced during aerobic glucose catabolism as nadh will be produced

e. Fewer atp would produce during aerobic glucose catabolism as pyruvate oxidation will not occur

8. A molecule is binding to an enzyme. When it binds, the enzyme changes shape. What is recommended to overcome this enzyme regulation?

a. Introduce new enzyme

b. Introduce new inhibitor

c. Increase the concentration of enzymes

9. Glycolysis occurs in a cell's _______ during anaerobic glucose catabolism, and in the cell's ______ during aerobic glucose catabolism

a. cytoplasm, cytoplasm

b. mitochondrion, cytoplasm

c. mitochondrion, mitochondrion

10. Which of the following scenarios would not required ATP molecules?

a. Synthesis of complex carbohydrates from monossachharides

b. Movement of ions against concentration gradient

c. Movement of water from high to low solute concentration

11. During photosynthesis, which molecule is being oxidized?

a. Water

b. Cardon dioxide

c. Glucose

d. Oxygen

12. Lactaid is an OTC drug for those who need help with digesting lactose. The active ingredient is lactase, an enzyme that helps breakdown lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. Using what you know about the catalytic cycle, explain how lactase breaks down lactose by ordering the steps.

1. Lactase bind to the active site of a specific enzymes

2. Free floating lactase have empty active sites awaiting a lactase molecule

3. Glucose and galactose are released leaving the active site of the enzyme available to bind again

4. Hydrolysis reaction breakes the disaccharides into its two monosaccharides

List the steps. Which come first to last.