Reference no: EM133675258
Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
Concentration of a pesticide in blood
Inhalation rate in liters per hour
2. In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulatio
3. If wastes are spilled on the ground within the recharge area of an aquifer, the wastes may _______________.
affect the rate of transpiration
contaminate water in the aquifer
move upgradient through the zone of aeration
4. The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
absorption
disposition
exposure
5. Which is considered a vital scientific discipline used in environmental health practice? (Chapter 2)
Toxicology
Epidemiology
Exposure assessment
Risk Assessment
All the above
6. Which of the following is not one of the approaches to defining "environment" presented in our introductory class lecture?
Inner (person) vs. outer (person) environments
Inside vs. outside environments
Solid vs. liquid vs. gaseous environments
Virtual vs. actual environments
7. The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
by air, water, and soil
environmental, occupational, and residential
ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact
8. ____________ is a way of identifying potential substitutes for toxic chemicals in use.
Toxic usage examination
Green toxic use
Alternative assessment
None of these is correct.
9. The Ames test is a test of a chemical's _______________.
acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells
10. Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that _______________.
has no adverse effects in sensitive subpopulations over a lifetime exposure
is the median dose experienced by the population of concern
results in a specific reference outcome in highly exposed groups
11. Which of the following environmental media is commonly associated with all three major routes of exposure?
Air
Food
Soil
Water
12. The persistence of a chemical in the environment-for example, in soil or sediment-is often quantified as its _______________.
environmental affinity
environmental half-life
partition quotient
13. When evaluating epidemiological associations in environmental health studies it is important to assess the following? (check all that apply)
Statistical significance
Bias
Confounding
Effect modification
Epigenetics
Toxicodynamics
Bioconcentration
14. Fundamentally, any risk assessment for a chemical brings together information on _______________ and information on _______________.
exposures to the chemical / the toxicity of the chemical
evaluation of risk / remediation of risk
the threshold of the chemical's effect / the slope of the dose-response curve
15. Which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic hazard?
A chemical toxin produced by a plant
A chemical used to dry clean clothing
A landslide caused by an earthquake