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STAT6200 Statistics for Public Health - Statistics Interpretation Report

Learning Outcome 1: Critically apply the theories on key concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics

Learning Outcome 2: Analyse survey design and sampling methods to collect valid and reliable data and appraise methodologies

Learning Outcome 3: Assess the data and determine the appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and how to control for confounding variables

Learning Outcome 4: Evaluate types of inferential statistics and interpret the results of these analyses using theoretical examples or as presented in published literature

Learning Outcome 5: Apply key concepts of statistics, including: sampling, hypothesis testing, distribution of data, validity and reliability, statistical significance and effect size

Instructions:

This assessment requires you to read excerpts from four articles and answer a series of questions in no more than 1,200 words (+/- 10%).

Most public health and wider health science journals report some form of statistics. The ability to understand and extract meaning from journal articles, and the ability to critically evaluate the statistics reported in research papers are fundamental skills in public health.

This type of assessment demonstrates how students can apply the skills that they learn in this course to real-world scenarios wherein they might need to interpret/review articles for public health use.

After reading published research articles, you will be asked to interpret, describe and report the following types of statistics:

- State the null and alternative hypothesis
- Detail the demographic characteristics of the people in a sample
- Report summary descriptive and inferential statistics reported in the paper
- Describe what inferential statistics were used for the analysis of data in a study and why
- Interpret the odds ratios or hazard ratios for reported outcomes
- Evaluate the impact design limitations described by the researchers have on study or the extent to which results can be generalized to the population

Referencing
It is essential that you use appropriate APA style for citing and referencing research.

Paper 1:
Read the Bhaskaran et. al. (2018) paper
answer the following questions:
1. Describe the aim of the study. Based on the study design, can the aim be restated in terms of null and alternative hypotheses?
2. What statistical models for analysis were fitted for the association between all- cause mortality and for BMI?
3. Examine Figure 3 - interpret, describe and report the hazard ratios for the association between BMI and all-cause mortality for the different categories.
4. How generalisable are the findings described by the researchers to the population, and why?
5. What were the main findings of the study?

Paper 2:
Read the Lotfaliany et. al. (2020) paper and answer the following questions:
1. Describe the aims of the study.
2. Which primary outcome was examined by the study? Refer to Table 2 - interpret and report the statistical results for this primary outcome.
3. Examine Table 3, what were the additional risk factors for Diabetes that were measured? Please report ONLY the significantly statistics for each of the additional risk factors at wave 2, wave 3, wave 4 and wave 5.
4. What was the most likely explanation for the effect of the intervention described in the discussion?
5. What were the limitations of the study reported in the discussion?

Paper 3:
Read the paper Tong et. al. (2018) and answer the following questions:
1. What are the aims of the study? State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study.
2. What was the study design used in this paper?
3. What demographic characteristics were considered for the participants in the sample? Explain by referring to the descriptive statistics reported in the paper.
4. Refer to Table 2, describe any 3 opinions of climate change and its impacts among clinical professionals?
5. Refer to Table 5, what did the researchers find for the top 3 extremely important strategies to curb the health impact of climate change on infectious diseases?

Paper 4:
Read the paper Tong et. al. (2014) and answer the following questions:
1. What are the aims of the study?
2. What was the study design used in this paper?
3. How many participants were there in the baseline period of 2002? How many participants were in the follow-up period of 2007? Were there any significant differences in regard to the demographic characteristics of the participants between baseline and follow-up?
4. Refer to Table 2, describe the effect of green tea consumption on systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure?
5. What was the conclusion of the study?

Attachment:- Statistics Interpretation Report.rar