Reference no: EM131107256

1. Discuss the differences between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Provide one example of an occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and one to non-ionizing radiation. How do the differences influence the control methods used for these two types of radiation?

2. OSHA currently enforces an eight-hour, time-weighted average (TWA) PEL of 90 dBA, and uses a 5 dB exchange rate. NIOSH recommends an eight-hour TWA exposure limit of 85 dBA and a 3 dB exchange rate. The 85 dBA limit and 3 dB exchange rate is also used as a threshold limit value (TLV) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) as well as many European countries. Discuss using a 5 dB exchange rate versus a 3 dB exchange rate in protecting workers' hearing. Make a case for the use of either the 90 dBA PEL and 5 dB exchange rates or the 85 dBA REL and a 3 dB exchange rate.

3. Compare and contrast the primary exposure routes for hazardous materials. How does the route of exposure influence the type of control method that you would recommend?

4. Compare two methods used to evaluate an employee's inhalation exposure to a hazardous material. Which method do you believe provides the most accurate measure of an employee's exposure?

5. OSHA updated 29 CFR 1910.1200, the Hazardous Communication standard in 2013. The update included new required elements for labels on hazardous materials. Discuss how the new labels compare to NFPA, HMIS, and DOT labels. Of the four labeling systems, which do you believe provides the most information about chemical safety to employees and why?