Estimate the minimum and maximum values of k

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Reference no: EM131028516

Could you please answer this question with an explanation?

1) On your first job, you are taking over a project involving the phase-locked loop (PLL) system is shown in block diagram form at the top of the opposite page. The charge pump phase-frequency detector (CPPFD) has a maximum output current of I_cp = 5μA for 2Π radians of phase difference. For the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in the system, the V-f measurements in the table were obtained.

a) Since the VCO voltage-to-frequency characteristic is nonlinear, the VCO tuning gain K_vco changes as a function of VCO control voltage V_CTL. Estimate (accuracy ±10%) the minimum and maximum values of Ko over the voltage tuning range.

2405_Voltage controlled oscillator.jpg

K_VCO (min) = ______ K_VCO (max) =______

V_CTL[V]	f[MHz]
0.5	8.4
1.0	11.8
1.5	14.8
2.0	17.4
2.5	19.6
3.0	21.4
3.5	22.8
4.0	23.8
4.5	24.4

Reference no: EM131028516

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