Reference no: EM133380812

Question 1

Glucose will be passively transported into the cell:

A. after it binds to a carrier protein.

B. if the concentration of glucose is higher inside the cell.

C. if the cell is more negative inside.

D. when a leak channel for glucose is opens.

Question 2

At resting membrane potential:

A. Na+ is being pumped out of the cell.

B. K+ is more concentrated outside the cell.

C. the membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+.

D. Vm is closest to the equilibrium potential for Na+.

Question 3

Which ion has the most influence upon resting membrane potential in a mammalian neuron?

A. Potassium

B. Sodium

C. Chloride

D. Calcium

Question 4

How would an I-V plot to graph the relationship between current and voltage for K+ change if the extracellular concentration for Na+ is increased?

A. The line on the graph would not change.

B. The x-intercept would move farther from zero mV.

C. The x-intercept would be closer to zero mV.

D. The slope of the line would increase.

Question 5

If the permeability of a neuron to Na+ is increased while the permeability to K+ stays the same, then the resting membrane potential will:

A. depolarize.

B. repolarize.

C. not change.

D. hyperpolarize.

Question 6

Graded potentials and action potentials can both:

A. be actively conducted.

B. trigger an action potential.

C. have a refractory period.

D. hyperpolarize the membrane.

Question 7

As the axon transitions from the absolute refractory period to the relative refractory period, what happens with the voltage-gated sodium channels?

A. The activation gate opens.

B. The inactivation gate opens.

C. The inactivation gate closes.

Question 8

The refractory period after an action potential is important because it:

A. increases the rate of firing of action potentials.

B. prevents anterograde propagation of action potentials.

C. prevents retrograde propagation of action potentials.

D. creates the all-or-none amplitude of the action potential.

Question 9

The conductance for potassium is highest during which phase of the action potential?

A. the rising phase of the action potential

B. resting membrane potential

C. the afterhyperpolarization

D. the falling phase of the action potential

Question 10

The rising phase of the action potential is due to which of the following?

A. Influx of Na+ into the cell

B. Efflux of K+ out of the cell

C. Influx of K+ into the cell.

D. Efflux of Na+ out of the cell

Question 11

Unlike electrical synapses, at classic chemical synapses:

A. an action potential is required to trigger transmission.

B. influx of calcium is required for synthesis of transmitters.

C. the activity between neurons is synchronized.

D. communication is bidirectional.

Question 12

Botulinum toxin (Botox©) causes paralysis by preventing which action related to synaptic vesicles?

A. Fusion

B. Recycling

C. Docking

D. Priming

Question 13

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can occur by:

A. closing Cl- channels.

B. opening Cl- channels.

C. opening Na+ channels.

D. closing K+ channels.

Question 14

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs):

A. will conduct faster with myelination.

B. can be graded in amplitude.

C. are generated at the axon hillock.

D. ionotropic receptors for Na+

Question 15

Cannabinoids such as anandamide are considered unconventional neurotransmitters because they:

A. are produced by the postsynaptic neuron.

B. do not depend on Ca2+ for synthesis.

C. are gaseous molecules.

D. are degraded in the synaptic cleft.

Question 16

Which of the following is the slowest way to terminate classic chemical neurotransmission?

A. Reuptake into the presynaptic terminal.

B. Degradation in the synaptic cleft

C. Uptake into adjacent glial cells

D. Diffusion away from the synapse

Question 17

The excitatory or inhibitory effect of a neurotransmitter on the target neuron is determined by the:

A. amount of neurotransmitter in each synaptic vesicle.

B. influx of calcium ions into the target neuron.

C. function of the postsynaptic receptor.

D. distance between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes.

Question 8

Within the central nervous system, an established role for norepinephrine is to:

A. produce arousal, vigilance, and anxiety.

B. inhibit perception of pain.

C. initiate voluntary movements.

D. produce the flight-or-flight response.

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter has their entire life cycle within the axon terminal and synaptic cleft?

A. Glutamate

B. Nitric oxide

C. Acetylcholine

D. Opioids

Question 20

A short duration, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) may occur with the opening of:

A. ionotropic receptors for Na+

B. ionotropic receptors for K+

C. metabotropic receptors for K+

D. metabotropic receptors for Na+