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Research the impact mining has had on the early history of Australia. In approximately 1,500 words choose an Australian town or city where mining started in the 18th or 19th or even early 20th Century and describe its early history.
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Mining in Australia probably started with the arrival of Aborigines some 40,000 years ago when they fossicked for stones suitable for tools and weapons, and dug for ochre which they used for decorative use. "Modern" Australian mining followed the arrival of European settlers on the eastern seaboard in 1788, with the quarrying and shaping of Hawkesbury sandstone for early buildings at Sydney Cove. The first discovery of coal was made by escaped convicts in the Newcastle area in 1791. Over the next few years coal was reported at many other centres to the north and south of Sydney. The coal industry began in 1798 when ship owners gathered surface coal at Newcastle and brought it to Sydney for sale. Export of Newcastle coal began in 1799 with a shipment to India. In April 1851 the first reported discovery of payable gold was made by John Lister and William Tom at the junction of Lewis Ponds and Summer Hill Creeks, Ophir. Edward Hargraves, an associate of Lister and Tom, took their gold to the Colonial Secretary and then claimed the reward which included 5,000 pounds to Hargraves; and 500 pounds each to Lister, Tom and the Rev. W.B. Clarke. However, recently-discovered evidence in letters addressed to William Tipple Smith from the Government acknowledged the existence of gold at Ophir in 1848.
Negligible heat is transferred from the nozzle to its surroundings. The approach velocity of the steam is negligible. The specific enthalpy of steam is 2974J/kg at 260°C and 7bar and 2860kJ/kg at 200°C and 4bar. Use the open-system energy balance ..
A human being (75 kg ) consumes about 6000 Kj of food per day. Assume that the food is all glucose and that overall reaction is- C6H12O6 +6O2 ------à 6CO2 +6H20 , Δ H= -2816 KJ
Stoichiometry of Ammonia Synthesis, Show that the maximum concentration of NH3 is obtained in an ammonia synthesis process when the ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen
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A precipitate forms only when Na2SO4 is added. Which cations could be present in the unknown soluble ionic compound? Explain your answer, and write down any calculations you may have undertook in the process of answering it.
What is the maximum efficiency of a steam engine operating between 20° C and the boiling point of water, 100 °C, at one atmosphere?
where and Qp are constants for a given gas-polymer pair. Consider the diffusion of hydrogen through a poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMSO) sheet 20 mm thick.
At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and had returned to saprotrophy to gain food. Why is this no longer considered a solid theory?
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Determine the required mole fractions of the nitrogen and carbon dioxide to produce this mixture. From Chapter 17, the speed of sound is given by.
The total volume of hydrogen gas needed to fill the Hindenburg was 2.0 108 L at 1.0 atm and 25C. How much heat was evolved when the Hindenburg exploded, assuming all of the hydrogen reacted?
Design a column for this separation. The column will operate at essentially atmospheric pressure. Use a reflux ratio 1.5 times the minimum.
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